GULLS. 



71 



Long Islund, irregular W. V, 



Neat, of graM.ses, moss, etc., on the ground. E(jg»y two to three, varying 

 from pule olive-brown to grayish white, siiotted or Bi>ccklud with Hhudes of 

 chocolate, 3-10 x 2-20. 



Mr. Chamberlain remarks that this species combines " with some 

 gull-like traits many of the coarse characteristics of both Falcon and 

 Vulture." 



" Some observers have reported that flocks are at times very noisy, 

 particularly when settling for the night; but those I have met with in 

 winter have been rather silent. Their cry is harsh and at times very 

 loud ; it sounds something like the syllables kuk-lak, 1 have seen it 

 written cui !eek." 



48* liarus leucopterus Faber. Iceland Gi'll. Kcscnibles the 

 preceding species in color, but generally is much smaller; specimens occur, 

 however, which appear to be intermediate. W., l.'j^O-Kl-oO; B., l-OiVl'OO; 

 depth of B. at projection on the lower mandible, •00--70 ; Tar., 2-05-2-20 (B., 

 B., and R ). 



Jiange. — Arctic regions; in North America migrates south in winter, 

 rarely to Long Island. 



Long Island, A. V. in winter. 



Nud^ of grasses, moss, etc., on the ground. Eggs, clay-color with numeroua 

 chocolate markings, 2-7'J x 1-8D. 



"The flight of the Iceland Gull, its feeding habits. and its manners 

 generally, suggest a close alBnity to the Herring Gull rather than to 

 the Burgoimuster " (Chamberlain). 



45* Lams kumlieni />/'('»>/. KimmknV (ii i.u Very similar in gen- 

 eral color to the two preceiling species, but ditfers from them in the color of 

 the primaries. These, instead of being uniformly pure white or but lightly 

 tinted with gray, are marked with sharply defined spaces of ashy gray. The 

 fli"st primary is tipped with white and marked with ashy gray on the outer 

 web and shaft part of the inner web ; the second primary is ashy gray on only 

 part of the outer web; the third and fourth primaries have smaller wliitc 

 tii)s and arc nuirked with ashy gray near their ontls on both webs. W., l.')-.")0- 

 17'00; B., I*<ir>-1*88; depth of B. at projection on the lower mandible, -GO-'tiG ; 

 Tar., 2-10-2-35 (Brewster). 



Range. — North Atlantic coast of North America; south in winter to 

 Massachusetts. 



^,'est, on "the shelving rocks of high dirt's," 



" Mr. Kumlien found this bird breeding in considerable numbers 

 near the head of Cumberland Gulf," but, owing to the dilTiculty of 

 distinguishing immature specimens from those of L, iriiroptcrus, its 

 status on our coast in winter is not clearly determined. 



47« I<anu auurintia Linn. Great Black-backed Gull; Saddle- 

 back. Ad. in ^uw/zK-r.— Buck and wings slaty black ; wing-feathers tipped 



