T2 



GULLS. 



with white; rest of plumngc white; tail sometimes mottled with dusky. Ad. 

 in winttr. — Siiiiihir to tlie uhove, l)Ut with tiie hind und neck streaked with 

 Itrrav isli. /in. — Head o!id nape whitis)i, streaked witii t,'rayish ; l)aek and 

 wiiif^H, except primaries, brownisli, tlie featliers margined ami irregularly 

 markcil with pule 'Utly ; primaries dark brownish blaek, the inner omls with 

 small white tips; tail mottled with blaek and wliite; under parts whitish, 

 more or less streaked or barred with grayish. L., iiUOO; W., 18'50; T., 8'00; 

 li., •J-.')<). 



h'anije. — North Atlantic ; breeds in Nortli America from the Bay of Fundy 

 northward; migrates southward in winter regularly to the Great Lukes und 

 Virginia, and less frcMjucntly to South Carolina. 



Long Island, common \V. V., Sept. to Apl. 



Aixt, of grasses, seaweed, etc., on the ground. A'f/f/", two to three, elay- 

 color, brownish ashy or butty, rather evenly sjjotted with chocolate, 'ivo x 2'lo. 



A more nortliem species than the Herring Gull. Mr. Brewster, 

 who observed it in numbers in the island of Anticosti in July, writes: 



" The Black-backs are exceetlingly noisy birds, especially when their 

 young are in danger, as well as toward evening. ... I identified four 

 distinct cries: a braying ha-hn-ha, a deej) keow, keoiv, a short barking 

 note, and a long-drawn groan, very loud and decidedly impressive. . . . 

 At all times of the year, during the breeding season as well as in win- 

 ter, it is by far the wariest bird that I have ever met." 



The SnJEUiAx (iiLi, (HO. Lurutt qifinh)—a large Gull inhabiting north- 

 ern Asia — is sometimes found in Greenland. 



i 



61a. Larus ar^ntatus smithsonianus Cotnu. Amehk an IIek- 

 niNo Gill. Ad. in «m//j;w«t.— Back and winirs deep pearl-gray ; first primary 

 tipped with white, then crossed by a small l)hick mark, then a much larger 

 white one ; this is followed by a black space ; the black runs down the outer 

 web of the feather to near its base and the shaft part of the inner web 

 nearly as far, leaving tlie inner two thirds of the web below the black mark 

 white (Fig. ()<•, <i)\ the second prinuiry is similar, but the second white mark 

 is a round spot on tlie inner web and the V)lack occupies a greater s])ace near 

 the tip, but docs not continue so fur down on the feather: tlie third to sixth 

 primaries arc tipiunl with white, which is succeeded by a graiUially dimin- 

 ishing black band which extends further down on the outer web of the feather 

 than on the iimer; the rest of the plumuire is pure white. Ad. in winter. — 

 Similar to the above, but .vlth the head aii<l neck streaked or spotted with 

 grayish. Ini. — I'pper parts ashy fuscous; head and nai)e more or less stri'aked 

 with pale biilfy ; back and wings margined or irregularly marked with the 

 same color: primaries brownish lilack : tail the same, sometimes tipped or 

 margined with batty; under jiarts ashy fuscous, .sometimes lightly burred or 

 streaked. L., 24-00 ; VV., IT-.W ; T., T-SO ; B., 2-30. 



/i'flf/jf/^.— " North .Vmerica generally, breeding on the Atlantic const from 

 Maine northward" (A. (). U.). In the interior breeds from Minnesota north- 

 ward ; wintere from Nova Scotia to Cuba. 



