-r 



BLACKBIRDS, ORIOLES, L 





261 



tl 



e. Ileiul and neck all around ncal-brown .... 495. Cowbirp « . 



</. Nuj)f l)iitty. niiiii) whitiMh 41*4. Bohoi.ink ,J. 



in. Under parts gruiyiah, alate-eolor* chestnut, or bully. 



A. Umler |>urt« grayish or nluU color. 



a. Under i)art« gra}i»li ; bill tiiR'iilikf ; wing under 4-00. 



41».'). CowiiiKi) 9. 



b. Under parts and upper parts slate-eolor, tlic feathers Honietiinos 

 tipped with l.rowni«h r.o'J. Kl«ty Blackiiikd 9 . 



Ji. Under purtn bully or chestnut. 



a. Under parts butly, generally with u few black streaks. 



4U4. KouoLiNK 9. 



b. Under parts buffy, without black streaks ; tail about 5-00. 



513. lioAT-T.\lLEU GkACKLK 9. 



0. Under parts chestnut; throat black. 



r)Oti. OiMMiAKi) Ouioi-K ( S ad.). 

 XT. Under parts black and white, or black tiptoed or mar^ 

 glned with rusty. 



o. Under parts streaked black and white, or black tipju'd with white; 

 shoulder generally n-d or reddish. 



4S>8. Rei)-winoki> Bi,A<;KiiiRn ( 9 and ini.). 

 4'jsh. Floi{ii>a Keuwinu ( 9 and im.). 



b. Upper parts and under parts tipiK-d with rusty. 



509. Ui STY Blackbiro (ini.). 



c. Nape burty, rump wliitish 494. Bobolink S . 



494. Dolichonyz orysivorus (Liiin.). Bobolink: BKEnniRn; 

 KicEBiuL). All. S , hreiiluitj ji/uiiiaiji'. — Top and sides of the head and under 

 parts black, the feathers more or less tipped with a narrow whitish or cream- 

 buff fringe, which wears off as the season advances; buck of the nock with a 

 large yellowish cream-buff patch; middle of buck generally streaked with 

 creuin-buff; scapulars, lower back, and upper tail-coverts soiled grayish 

 white; wings and tail black; tail-feathers w\th pointed tipn ; bill blue-black. 

 Ad. 9 . — Upper parts olive-buff, streaked with bluek ; crown blackish, with a 

 central stripe of olive buff; nape finely spotted and back broadly streaked 

 with black; wings and tail brownish fu.-<cous; tail-feathers with pointeil tips ; 

 under parts yellowish or buffy white. Ad. in fall and Im. — Similar to 

 female, but huffier and more olivaceous throughout. L., 7"25 ; W., 3-7*5 ; T., 

 2-73 ; B., -55. 



Remarks. — The young and adults in fall plumage are known as Rccd- 

 birds. Adultrt acquire this plumage by a complete molt after the breeding 

 sea.son. The breeding plumage is regained by a complete molt in the spring, 

 and not, as has been supposed, by a change in the color of the feathers with- 

 out molting. Freshly plumaged males have the black veiled by yellow tips 

 to the feathers; these gradually wear off, and by June have almost entirely 

 disappeared (cf. Chapman, Auk, x, 1803, p. 309). 



Range. — Breeds from southern New Jersey northward to Nova Scotia, 

 westward to Utt "^nd northern Montana; leaves the United States by woy of 

 Florida, and winters in South America. 



