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IS lUJLLKTlN ;il, I'NITKI) STATEH NATIONAL MF-SKUM. 



ti.Mi svslciniiti'i.ic (111 IN-^iu' AniniMl. Ho Ihst proposed to H-j,Mnl tlio 

 IJitra'cliia :.s lulistinct class of viTlcl.n.ta, (lii' IV of Ins scnrs, uimUt 

 the name '^Xiulipollilc'ios, Ics Ainpliybiens." On a subscpicnt pa-o 

 hcdividos tlic dass K('i)tilia into two .sni.classcs, "Ics IJeplilcs" ami 

 Ics It'ldli.voidc's. The latter are snl.div ided into four divisions, viz: 

 lJiitracioiis((Jren()uilies); l',sendosanriens(Salaniandres) ; Anipliibiens 

 (les Trotirs et les Sirenes) ; J'.sendopliidiens (Co-eilies). Wo liero lind 

 the 15atracl)ia tor the (Irst time set oil" from tlie h'eplilia as a division 

 of oipial rank with it. 



Mcrrciii, Tontamen Sjistenne Amphibiarnni, ISL'O, reverts to tlio 

 F.inna'an name Ampliil)ia for tlie c()nd)ined reptiles and batraeliians, 

 l)iit recoyni/es the two as subordinate divisions. Ho oalls these IMio- 

 lidota and IJatraehia. The J'.utraehia he divided into the Apoda (Cce- 

 cilia), Salientia, and (Iradientia. The (Inidientia or Salamandres aro 

 divided into Mntal)ilia (Sahunandra, etc.) and Ainphi!)nonsta, or the 

 forms with permanent branehia-. 



(hai/ pid)lished in ISl'o, in the Annals of IMiilosopli.v of riiiladelpliia, 

 a synopsis of the genera of Kei»tilia and IJatrachia of North America. 

 He separates the two classes distinctly as such under the names Ui'\h 

 tilia and Amphibia. The former iire divided into the orders Kniydo. 

 sanria (crocodiles and extinct marine reptiles), Sauria, Sauroplijdia,, 

 Ophidia, andChelonia. The Amphibia were divided into Mutabilia and 

 Amphipnei'3ta. The latter division iiKiluded the brancliiate fornis, with 

 the Cryptobranchida' and the ('(cciliida'. The Mutabilia embraced 

 all otber IJatrachia. 



7/rtW(r»also, in 1825, published (ienera and Synopsis of iSpecies of Kep- 

 tiles of America in the donrnal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of 

 I'hiladelphia. He adopts the system of Brongniart, and divides the lia- 

 trachia into tliree divisions, dei)endent on the characters of llieexterinil 

 respiratory organs. Jn the lirst there is an external ilssuroonly; in 

 the second, external branehia' and lissuies; and in the third, neither tliu 

 one nor the other. 



F(7c//(r/e>-,XeueClassilication der Reptilien (lSL'G),adopttj the nainesof 

 Leuckart for the prinniry divisions of the IJeptilia, the Monojmoa cor- 

 responding to the Keptilia ami the Dipnoa to the IJatrachia. He places 

 Ccecilia among the ."\Ionopnoa. The Dipnoa are divided into .Mutabilia 

 and Imnuitabilia. The latter includes the lamilies Cryjjtobranchoida 

 and IMianerobraiichoida. The Mutabilia inelmle all other r.atraciiia. 



Duineril and Bibrou, iw the " Erpetologie denerale," published be- 

 tween 18;U and 1841, adopt the system of IJrongniart. The fourth order 

 of reptiles, the I5atrachia, is divided into three suborders, viz : the 

 IVromela (Co'ciliidie), Anura, and Urodela. The Urodeia are divided 

 into Atretodera (Salamandres) ami Trematodera, which end)ra(;es tlio 

 rryptobranchida- and forms with pernmnent branchiae 



Johannes Miilkr, in Ktininius' JIandbuch der Zoiitomie (18.50), uses 

 the Lniniean name Amphibia for the combined lieptilia and IJatrii- 





