TIIR HATUACIIIA OI' NOUTll AMF-RICA. 



21 



i!i(l their 

 iiml iH'W 

 » express 

 )ieseiileil 

 atiire. 

 iiliiiils is 

 II lii^'lier 

 Mieializa 

 oil (»(■ llie 

 |uir(> tlial 

 ily exact, 

 i<i to the 

 \. It has 

 tlie name 

 ileliiiilidii 

 ('(I. Such 

 h1 Pereii 

 ill eoire 

 iatrachi 1. 

 so ealh'il 

 •civcs the 

 (le or less 

 e rank as- 

 II itself is 



10 siihjeet 



1 Iiml 



tati'a(;hia, 



-d by La 



liainarek, 



V ilailaii, 



II writers 



tiaiiiville 



also as a 



later an- 



jr>, acinar- 



ia. lie is 



l'\ t'T, IISI'S 



is fx(rln 



r inodeni 



(jiiite cvi- 



uieh later 



he earlier 



Salient ia 



The divis- 



ion of true Siilaniaiiders was not properly (list in.uuisheil before the pub- 

 lication of the system of De IJlaiiiville, in 1S1(5, who eillcd fiieiii the 

 Pseiidosaiiriii. lie, however, omitted from them the Ca'i;iliida'. In this 

 :)iiiissioM ho was followed by rll siibse(|iieiit authors, except Cope, who 

 called the entire order, iiicliidin.!;' tlie(%ec.iliida', the IJrodela, a(loi»tiiij{ ii 

 name already proi>osed by Dumeril, in IHOt, for a division of wider 

 scope. On this a(!(!ount the name irrodola is ailopted in the present 

 work. The iiaiiu' (irradientia was (irst used to iiniliide only Uatiachia, 

 without lizards, by Merrem, in ISUO. The two branchiate or.lers, I'ro- 

 4ei<laandTiMehyst()mata, wereinduded in the IJrodela or (liailieiitia by 

 all authors except the followinjf: J)e IJlaiiiville combined them in one 

 (uder, the Amphibia; Gr.iv, Iliirlan, and Fitziiiger followed, but com 

 billed them with uiirelat'd foriiH; Dumeril and IJibron kept them to 

 {^ether with t!ie Crypt )branchida' in a division, Trematoderos, follow- 

 ill};' Fitziii}"er (ISLMi); Haeckel follows De IJIainville, but renames the 

 I'seudosaiiria of that author Sozobranchia, and includes in his Am- 

 phibia the noil related Axolotls, In ISIJIJ* Cope lirst distinjjjuisIuMl tiic^ 

 'rrachystomata and I'roteida as orders, and pureed them of the Axolotls, 

 which he i»laced in the Crodola. 



PUOTEIDA. 



()s ii'ilenialare present ; no supra or basioiunpitals; (>. mixillare and 

 inrfi'onlalia wautiii}'-; vomero-i)alatiuiim and pteryfjoideiim luesent, 

 (Mniliiiiioiis; oibitosi>heuoid eloiifjate, not forming part of palate; eera- 

 tohyals connate. 



This order aji'rees j^fenerally with the Urodela, but i)roscuts one most 

 important feature of dilVereiKU', in the presence of theOs intercalare. It 

 is this point that yives the Troreida its position between the Stejjo- 

 cephali and the Urodela, and which indicates the line of conneetion 

 betw( ". the extiiKtl forms of the Carbon iferou.< period and the mod- 

 ern t^> pes. 



The hyoid apiiaratus dillers from that of adult Urodela, and resembles 

 their larva; in liaviii;;' three e[iibranehials, instead of one only. The 

 second basibraiicliial is also eonneeted with the first, which is not the 

 (rase with the Uroilela. Thi' centrale is present iii both carpus and 

 tarsus. 



No extinct <;euei'a are certainly known to belong to this order, but 

 there is one that n'sembles it nearly, and may belong here. This is tiie 

 ('ocytinust (Cope), which has been found in the coal measures of eastern 

 Ohio. If it be not a larval Stegocephal, it belongs to this order. It 

 would not enter the same family as the recent forms, as it has a small 

 maxillary bone. Another extinct type from the Wealdoii of IJelgium 

 has been suspected to belong to the Troteida, but the cranium is not 



•Oil tlic Arcirt'ioiis Aiiiir.i, Joiirniil Acadoiiiy I'liilaili'lpliia, l-iliti, p. 102. 

 t (ieo!o;;iciU Survey of Oliio, ii, r.iii'dntolojiy. 



