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242 iMiLLirriN ;u, umtki) stati:s national muskim. 



In later st!i;,fo.s tlu' stnictiiir of tlu' jmrts about tlie iiioutli of tlie tatl- 

 poles of tlui iSalieiitia furiiislR's otlu'i- cliaiactoiistic lu'ciiliaritics. I'liil 

 little has been done towanls llie (lesciiption of tlie.se parts, tlie Norfli 

 American* anil European t species bein,n thus far tlie only ones studied. 

 These stinlies have shown that the ll.vlidic, liufonida', and Uaiiida' have 

 certain characters in tin' re.uions mentioned. Uelow the horny jaws 

 there is a detlexed lower lip, which displays a wide surface anteriorly. 

 This surface is traversed l>y transverse seiies of short more or less hctoU 

 like bristles. Similar series may or may not extend across above tiie 

 upper Jaw, or on the dro()|>in>;- upper lip at each side of lln- Jaw. Tlie 

 lower lii)and part of tlie uppei' lip is surrounded by short obtuse papiihe 

 in one or more series. 



Now in the Ilylida', in the rej^ions mentioueil, no seri«'s ol' bristles 

 extend across above the uiper Jaw except a very sliort one whi<th 

 hangs over the Jaw itself; and the upper lip Ibid on tacli sidi^ of it 

 bears a row of pai)illai. The papiihe form a complete boi(U'r ritund 

 the lips, except the interruption at the ninldle above. In tiie Mufonida' 

 there is a row of bristles entirely across the up[)er Jaw, and another 

 below the lirst, interrupted at the middle re;;ion i»y the horny jaw. 

 The papiihe do not extend on the upper lip-border, and art^ uninter- 

 rupted at the middle of the inar;;in of the lower lip. The papillary 

 border presents an anj'le iuwaids at the line of jun(;tion of the iippci' 

 and lower lips. The K'anida' resemble the liufonidii-, with one excep 

 tion in the airangement oi the papillary border. The latter is continu 

 ous all aroiiinl below. 'J'he upiier Jaw is imrrower than in tiic liufonida'. 



JJoulenf>er describes the larva of the h'tnio alficola of northeast India 

 as possessing three |)ar:)toid glands, two on the .scapular and one on the 

 coccygeal region, which are not ret.iined in the ailult. Also a larva ol 

 u tree frog from -lava, probably a Jtliac(H»h(»rus, which pos.sesses a ven- 

 tral suct'W'ial <lisk in the position of that of a tish of the Cobii'soeida'. 



The external gills are suppressed on the right side before they are on 

 the left. In th * liana rIaiiKita this suppression takes place on tlu; third 

 day after leaving the egg, while tln^ left gill renniins until the eighth 

 day. When the internal gills arc in functional use the water of respi- 

 ration issjies, in most of tlie families, from a single lountled orilice on 

 the left side, the siibcMitaiu'inis branchial chamber (tf the right .side 

 communicating with that of the left side by way ol the gular region, be- 

 neath the sublingual and geiii(»hvoid muscles and the integument. (S 



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 Plate r)I,(igs. L'-J-T-S.) The fore legs deveh»p within these siiIk ufane- 



ous spaces behind the internal gills, and iciiiain conce;iled up toa consid- 

 erable relative si;«e, and alter the hind legs ha\i' ae(|iiiied si/e enough 

 for some funcitional elliciency. Tln^ left fore-leg then issues through the 

 branchial orifice, and the right leg forces a pas.sage thi-ough the integ- 

 ument at a corresponding position on the light side. For a time alter 



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