11YSTKICI1).E— liltETlllZON— EUETUIZON DOKSATUH. 



389 



llyairix piloiiu americamui Catesdy, Nat. Iliat. Carcilina, i, 17:11, xxx. 



IlyHlrir pilomiH UicilAiiDHON, rnun. lior.-Ami'i-., i, Ittilt, 211. 



J/j/nlrix liiidHoiiia Umsaos, l{c(,'ii. Auiiii. Qiiiiil., IT.'ili, VJS. 



HijkMx hiidiomm UkK,vy, Now York Zoiil., i, Vii'i, liT, pi. xxv, fljj. 1 (iinimiil), jil. viii, flgg. 3, a, b, o (skull) 



Le Porc-epiii de la llaiji) tie. Hudson, BnissoN, lii'Hii. Aiiiui. Qiiud., 1700, las. 



L'Craon Ulffo.v, llmt. Nat., xii, 17(i4, 4'Jll, pi. Iv. 



Co»a(i<i /'(>rcHj)iiio I'K.NNA.VT, " Syii., 1771, Siliti; Hist. Quad., 1781, No. 257"; Arctic ZoOl., i, 17B4, 109.— 



OiLl'IN, I'roc. & Trans. Nuva .Scotia lust. Nut. Sci., ii, 1870, tt9. 

 Bear Porcupine, Haklan, I'auu. Amor., 1825, 100. 



Var. EPIXANTHUS. 



Western Porcupine. 



Erelhison epixanlliun Riiaxdt, il6m. Acad. St. Pdtorsb., 1«).'>, pi. i (animal), ix, fijjs. 1-4 CHkiill) SciiiN!!, 



Sjnop. Main., ii, 1845, 20C.— WATEitlioL'SK, Nat. Iliat. Mam., ii, 1848, 442.— Nkwiikkky, I'aoif. 

 U. R. Kxpl. & Surv., vi, iv, 1857, 02 (California and Oregon).— Baiiii>, Mam. N. Am., 185H, 

 .ICO.- KK.VNKni.Y, Pacif. K. R. Expl. & Surv., x, vi, 18,J9, 10 (Little Colorado Uivor).— Hayukn, 

 Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, xii, 1802, 140 (Upper Missouri).— CouKS, Amer. Nat., i, 1807, ;!02j 

 Proc. Acad. Nut. Sci. Phila., 1809, 135 (Arizona).- BiiowN, Rep. ISrit. Ass., 1869 (1870), 220.- 

 Stevknson, 2d Ann. Rep. U. 8. Gool. Surv. Terr., 1871, 402.— Merrusi, Sixth Ann. Eep. U. 8. 

 Gool.Surv. Terr., 1873, OtiC.- CouKs 4. YAniiow, Whetjlor's Expl. & Surv. -west of the lOOtli 

 Merid., v, Zool., 1875, 174. 



BrethUon domalus var. epixanthut AixKM, Bull. Essex Inst., yi, 1874, 52, 57, Gl, 00 ; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.. 

 Hist., xvii, 1874, 43. 



Bijatrix pi7o«u» Pkalk, Mamm. U. 8. Ex. Ex., 1848, 40 (Pacific coast).- WooDHOUSE, Sitgreaves's Exi)ed. 

 down the Zuni and Colorado Rivers, 1853, 54 (New Mexico). 



JSrethison [apt] Maxi.miuan, Wiegm. Arch., 1862, i, 132. 



Jirethuon {JichtHoprocta) ri^fetoent Ubay, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, 321. 



m 



Var. DORSATUS. 



Canada Porcupine. 



General color brownish-black, varied above with yellowish-white. 

 Body above densely clothed with long, soft, rather woolly hair, intermixed 

 with straight, coarse hairs and bristles. The latter are four to six inches 

 long, and are usually tipped with yellowish-white, the light tip varying in 

 extent from one-fourth to seven-eighths of the length of the hair; sometimes 

 it is obsolete, and again extends to the base, but involves usually only the 

 exposed portion. Beneath this, and generally wholly concealed by the 

 pelage proper, the dorsal surface is thickly set with erectable, barbed quills, 

 or spines, varying in length from one to four inches. They are usually white 

 basally and tipped with black, the black portion varying in extent from one- 

 tenth to one-third tiic length of the quill ; a few, however, are entirely white, 

 and others occur entirely black. They vary greatly in size on different parts 

 of the body; beginning on the nose as short, stiffened, pointed hairs, they 

 pass into siiort spines between the eyes, and increase in length and thickness on 

 tiie back of the head; tiience continuing to increase in size posteriorly, they are 

 longest over the hips, on the lower part of the back, and on the upper side of 



