(JAHTOHllJiK— CAHTOK— UASroU I-'IIJIU:. 



4',V6 



seem scarcely distiiujt from the cxistiriff Hpccica (f. Jiher), whose rcmiiiiis nUo 

 occur in the Tert/mry niul Qiuitertinry deposits of Europe miii in the Quii- 

 ternary deposits of Nortii America. The existing Beaver is separahie into 

 two well-marked subspecies, one of wliicih is restricted to Noitli Aniericu, mid 

 the other to Europe and Western Asia. 



CASTOR FIBER I.iim. 

 Beaver. 



SYNONYMY.* 



Ctttlor fiber Uss., Synt. Nat., ed. 12tli, i, 170C, 7H.— r<)H8TKii, IMiil. Truni., Ixil, 177-i. mfi.— Kiixlkbkn, 

 Syiit. Reg. Anim., 1777, 44U.— Omklin, Syiit. Nut., i, 1788, 124.— Sciiiikurii, SUugot., Iv, 171U, 

 fi3:),I>l. clivi (nkiill), pl.clxxv (oniiuiil).— Shaw, Gen. Zoiil.,!!, li-:01,S0.— Tieukmann, Zool., I, 

 1808, 481.— Pallan, ZiHi^Tapbiu Rnggo-Aaiatlca, Ibll, 412.— Okkn, NaturRcgoh., Hi, 'i, IHIO, 

 870.— C\'ViKli, UcKiio Aiiiiu., 1, 1817, 180.— DK8.MAHKNT, Maniin., 18i«, 877. —Knox, Mimii. Weru. 

 Nat. Hiat. Sac., iv, 18'.23, r>48 (anatomy ).— J. Sabink, Franklin's Jonrn. to tho I'olar Sea, 18*23, 

 GTiO.- Say, Long*!) Expoil. R. Mts., 1, 1823, 4G4.— Haiilan, Fauna Amcr., lf?2G, 122.— Oouman, 

 Am. Nat. Hist., il, 182(1, 21.— Griffith's Cuvier'a An. King., v, 1827, 207.— Brandt &, 

 Ratzebuiio, Mwliz. Zoo!., i, 1829, 13, pi. iii, iv, tv o.— Owen, Proo. Zofil. Sue. bond., 1830, 19 

 (anatomy).— Uen.nktt, Gardens and Monag. Zool. Soo., Quad., i, 183r>, 153.— DouOHTY, Cab. 

 Nat. Hist., iii, 18:10, !>98, pi. i.— WaterhoU8E, Cbarleswortli's Mag. Nat. Mist., iii, 1839, COS 

 (tlguro of skull).— ScHiNii, Enrop. Faun., 1840, 157.— Kryskruno & Blahius, Wirbelt. Enrop., 

 1840, 31.— Emmons, Quad. Mass., 1840, 51.— Thompson, Hisl. Vermont, 1842, 38.— DeKay, 

 Nat. Hist. N. York, i, 1842, 72, pi. zx, tig. 1, pi. viii, Ugs. a, t.-NlLssoN, Skand. Fano., 1847, 

 400.— WoODHOUBE, Sitgreaves's Exped. down the ZuDi and Col. Riv., ISK), 47 (New Mexico).— 

 GlEBEL, Riiuget., 1855, 619.— Blasius, Nuturgeacb. SUnget. Deutscbl., 1857, 405.— Wilson, 

 Ediob. New Pbil. Jonru., 2d sen, viii, 1858, 1 (fossil; Scotland; and goog. distr.).— TllEUOT, 

 Verbandl. Ver. f. Naturk. v. Presbnrg, ie60-<!l, 21.— HoLzi., ib., 9ti.— Zeittlks, ib., 16.— Smith, 

 Proo. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philu., 1861, I4C (habits Amer. Beav.).— FitzinoeR, Zool. Gart., 1804,273 

 (habits Europ. Beav.).— Rreks, Zoologist, '^d ser., 1869, 1953 (Newfoundlaad).- Copis, Pmo. 

 Acad. Nat. Sol. Pbila., 1860, 173 (fossil ; Virginia).— Allen, Bull. Mns. Conip. Zool., i, 1869, 

 228; Proo. Bost. Soo. Nat. Hist., xiii, 1800, 100 ; xvii, 1874, 43 ; Bull. Essex Institute, vl, 1874, 

 49, 56, 61, 65.— LlLUEBORO, Fauna ofver Sveriges och Norges, 1871, 340. 



Caitor eanadauit Kuhl, Beitr. z. Zoologie, 1620, 64.— Fischer, Synop. Mam., 1829, 288.— Newberry, 

 Pacif. R. R. Expl. and Surv., vi, iv, 1857, 62 (California and Oregon).— 3aird, Mam. N. Amer., 

 1858, 355, pi. xlviii, ag. 1 (skull) ; U. 8. and Mex. Bonnd. Snrv., ii, li, 1850, 40.— Cooper, Pacif. 

 K. R. Expl. and Surv., xii, ii, 18C9, 82 (California, Oregon, and Washington Territory); 

 Amer. iSat., ii, 1808, 53:< (Upper Missouri).— SucKLEY, Pucif. R. R. Expl. nnd Surv., xii, 1859, 

 ii, 100 (Milk River).— Leidv, Holmes's Post-pliocene Fossils South Carolina, 1860, iii, pi. xxi, 

 fig. 2 (fossil ; Ashley River, S C.) ; Journ. Phil. Aca<l. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., v, 18(30,405 (fojsll).— 

 Hayden, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soo., xii, 1862, 146 (Upper Missouri).- CouES, Amer. Nat., i, 

 1867, 362; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 135 (Arizona).— Gilpin, Proo. and Trans. Nova 

 Scotia Inst. Nat. Sci., iii, 1872, 152 (Beaver dams).- GliEEN & Brown, Journ. Linn. Soo. 

 Zoiil., X, 1809, 361 (nat. hist, r.nd hunting ; Pacific slope of Rocky Mts.). 



Caitor fiber vat. anuricanu» Richardson, Fann. Bor.-Amer., i, 1829, 105.— Waqner, Snppl. Schreber's 

 Siiuget., Iv, 1844, 7.— Audubon & Bachhan, North Am. Quad., i, 1849, :!47, pi. xlvl.— Wvman, 

 Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts., 2d ser., x, 1850, 61, fig. 4 (fossil ; Memphis, Tenn.).- Morgan & 

 Ely, The Beaver and his Works, 1868, 44, pi. i-xxiii, and 90 woodcuts (gi'neral history and 

 anatomy). 



Cattor (fiber var. 1) catutdennt Coues & Yarrow, Wheeler's Expl. and Surveys west 100th Merid., v, Zoul., 

 1875, 123 (Colorado, Utah, and Arizona). 



* Many references additional to those here given to early papers on the general history and 

 anatomy of the Beaver may be found In Brandt and Ratzeburg's elaborate memoir on this animal 

 (Medizinische Zoologie, 4to, Berlin, i, 1829, pp. 12-30), which is particularly rich in references to pre- 

 LiDDCBon works. Dr. C. ues (see Bibliographical appendix to this article) has also kindly added other 

 references to the American Beaver. 

 28 M 



