Xll 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER V. 

 Chivalrv 141 



Section I. — Iii-ititation and Rules of the Order. 



ll« origin soiuowliat uncertain — About the middle of tenth century — Its 

 close connection with tlie feudiil system — Its cosmopolitan character- 

 Philip le liardi — Education of knif>'ht — Ceremony of hivestiture — 

 Esquires — Their duties — Religion and love the guiding sentiments of 

 the order. 



Sejtion II.'- Equinnient, Armament, and Tactics of KHUjhts. 



KnightF very heavily ar«ned — At first in chain mail, afterwards in soUd 

 plates — Eipiipment of squires— Description of armour — Tactics of 

 knights— No power of manoeuvring— Fighting done in single line — 

 The mounted archers — Training of knights — Infantry of this period 

 of no value, and but little used— Tournaments — Art of war during 

 chivalry at very low ebb — Battle of Hastings — Battle of Bouvines — 

 Great weight of armour— Extraordinary incidents in the Battle of 

 Bouvines — Sergents-d'armcs. 



CHAPTER VI. 



The Ceusades 



1G8 



Peter the Ilennit — Mismanagement of first Crusades— Composed of un- 

 disciplined hordes — First regidar crusade under Godfrey de Bouillon 

 and others — Its inunense numbers— Main strength cavalry — Tactics of 

 contending armies — Armament of Saracens — Want of military art 

 among the Crusaders — Solo dependence placed on the heavy cavalry, 

 as well in besieging towns as in garrisoning fortifications — Sieges of 

 Nicea— Antioch — Jerusalem — Saladin — Richard Coeur-de-Lion of 

 England — Battle of Assur — Louis IX. of France — Battle at Damietta 

 — Knights fight as pikemen. 



Section 11. — Cavalry of Russia and Poland during this period. — Invasion 



of the Mongols. 



Sarmatian cavalry — Norman sea-kings— Rurik — Oleg — His expedition 

 against the Greeks^ — Second expedition — Igor's expeditions — Yaroslaf 

 —Tactics and armament of early Russians — Polish cavalry — Allodial 

 system — Organizati(jn of troops — Hussars — Their armament — Mongo- 

 lian invasion — Genghis Khan — Baton, or Peta — Armament and tactics 

 of Mongols — Battle on the Kalka or Kaletz — Battle at Kalonuia— 

 Destruction of Moscow — Invasion of Central Europe by Batou — 

 Battle of Leignitz. 



CHAPTER VII. 



Decline of Feudalism and Introduction of Fikst Regular 



Cavalry, 12i)0— 1445 190 



Section I. — Results of the Crusades. 



Serious effect on feudalism — Growth of cities — Increase of kingly power 

 —Employment of paid troops Improvement of the infantry- 

 Increase in weight of armour— Mercenary troops of the citice— 

 Their cliarncter- Tactics. 



