CHAP. II.] 



THE GREEK CAVALRY. 



29 



the victory by means of vo troops of horse that he 

 despatched around a hill to fall upon the rear of the 

 Athenians, who were till then victorious.* The Athenians, 

 imagining a fresh army was coming up, were struck with 

 consternation and utterly defeated and driven off the 

 field. In this battle the cavalry and light armed, troops 

 of both armies were ranged upon the two wings. At the 

 first battle of Mantinea, in 418 B.C., the cavalry on both 

 sides were placed upon the wings in line with the heavy 

 armed infantry, but they do not appear to have exercised 

 any important influence in the battle.^ 



At this epoch we see mention made for the first time 

 of the custom of attaching an infantry man to each 

 horseman. Thucydides says that the Boeotians assembled 

 at Phlius, shortly before the battle of Mantinea, con- 

 sisted of 5,000 heavy armed, 5,000 light armed, and 500 

 horsemen, each attended by a soldier on foot. These 

 attendants were drilled to fight with the cavalry. Each 

 horseman had his own foot soldier, who fought near 

 him, and served and aided him, if occasion required.' 

 This same kind of force was in use afterwards among 

 the Germans, where the foot-soldiers followed the 

 cavaliers, running and holding onto the manes of the 

 horses. 



In the expedition against Sjrracuse, the Athenians 

 were much embarrassed by the want of cavalry, and in 

 their first battle they were obliged to adopt an entirely 

 new formation to counteract the effect of the powerful 

 cavalry of tho Syracusans. The Athenian army was 

 drawn up with one half in a first line of eight in depth, 

 the remainder also eight deep, formed in a hollow square 

 with the train and equipage of the army in the centre.* 

 The Syracusans were drawn up sixteen in depth. After 

 a hard conflict, the Athenians were victorious, but were 

 unable to follow up the victory on account of the enemy's 

 cavalry, which effectually c ov-rp.d the retreat. 



As then* army suffered so mui.1- from the want of a 

 mounted force the Athenians sent the.^ the following 



' Thucydides, book iv., year 8. ^ Ibid, book v., year 14. 



8 Maizeroy, 54. * Thucydides, book vi., year 16. 



