TIIH INTIlODrCED AND THE SPREADING PLANTS 

 OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC. 



By A. T. DRrMMOXi), U.A., LL.U. 



Those nienibers of our flora which luive been introduced, or 

 whicli have the liabits of naturalized species, we may refer to one 

 or other of five t>'i(iuj)s : — 

 I. Iiieideiitil escapes. 

 II. Adventive plants. 



III. Naturalized foreign plant.s. 



IV. Species which are both indigenous and naturalized. 

 \'. Native hpeeies which have the habits of introduced plants. 



The first, .second, and third groups are well known, and only 

 recjuire a passing notice. 



Tlie first group embraces species which have escaped from 

 cultivated grounds, have propagated tlieinselves in neglected 

 gardens, or have been casually introduced with grain or grass- 

 seed, or ill other ways, and which are not in the lea.st permanent. 

 Stray plaiit-< of whiat, oats, corn, and other grains growing 

 upon our country roa(l>ides, and upon the tracks of the railways, 

 are familiar to us. The little heartsease, the ragged robin, and 

 morning glory are some of our garden jilants, which, unaided 

 by continu (1 ciiitiv.iiioM, have occasionally, i'or a brief period, 

 struggled to leiaiii their places in the neglected flower plots. 



The term adventive has been applied to foreign plants which 

 hav(! permanently located themselves in the country, and }et are 

 so dependent upon some of the accompaniments of civilization 

 that were the country to resume its preadamite condition they 

 would probably soon disappear. Adventive plants form a nume- 

 rous class, ombraeing most of those weeds which confine themselves 

 to the vicinity of dwellings and barns, and to cultivated grounds. 

 The mustards and the corncockle, familiar pests on many eastern 

 firms, and the flax, e.irrot, [lar.snip. and artichoke, illustrate the 

 group. 



Those introdue d species, which have freely spread themselves 

 throughout the sittled parts of the country, and which, though 

 domesticated through the agency of man, are probably quite 



