.m 



NAMKD, AM> STIDrKD. 



95 



SmitJi ; John Brown and JiViwn lirotrn, t^c. In tlio satno way, wo imino a plant 

 by ^ivin^' thp nam*' of tlio pMiiis alf)n<,' witli that of the species; as Whife Ouf>\ 

 Jied Oal\\ If rt//'r Oak. Here tlie first word is the niiine of tlie specios, whirh is 

 nothing' hy itself, hut joined to tlie second word, which is the name of tlie^enuH, 

 it desipmtes the species of Oak; and the two to^^ether completely name the 

 plant we mean. These are 



299. I'(>j>ii/(ii' Nnttir^, or the common names in our own lan«,niaj»e. Plants 

 also have truly Scirtifijir Jiofitin'rul Aaniffi, which aie the s;inie in all countries. 

 On this account they are in Lntin. Si»me of them aiv the ancient l.afin or 

 Greek names; others are words made in later times, hut all are in Ijjitin form. 

 Thus, the .scieiitilic name of the Oak ^'enus is (.Iwmtit : of the Ash jjenus, 

 Fm.i'iniiK ; of tile Ko.se ;;enus, 7^^^^ ; of the Pear ^enus, Pi/ru.< ; of the Hrandile 

 or Plackherry genus, liuhu, iVc. The names of some genera are in honour of 

 botanists or discoverers ; as, A?«w«?^rf, named in honour of IJnna'Us; M(v/?io!i", 

 after Magnol ; Kd/niia, after Kalm, a pupil of Linnaiis, who travelled in thi.s 

 country; C/oi/fotiid, after Clayton, a botanist of Virginia. 



300. In the Latin or .scientific name, that of the genus comes before the 

 species. So the scientific name of tlie White Oak is Q/cirft.'t nlhn : of Ped Oak, 

 Quercu< vuhra ; of Water Oak, QnriYti,< (ii/ut(fi':a. In fact, these are just the 

 popular names turned into Latin, it is not alway.s so ; for what we call Post ( )ak 

 is botanicallv named UN<'>'rnt< ohtusiloha, wliich means an Oak with blunt lohesto 

 the leaves. And our White A.sh is Frajrinnx Anurirnna, \iw.n\'\\\^ ''American 

 Ash ; " ]?ed Ash is Frnxiuus puhexr(>u.-<^ meaning *' Downy Ash ; " Black Ash is 

 Fraxiims sainhwifolia, meaning " Polder-leaved Ash." ]Jnt our CJreen Ash is 

 Fnucinufi rlriditt, which means the .same thing as the common name. 



3or. The name of the genus is a substantive. That of the species is generally 

 an adjective ; as, /vWu'/.v, green ; satnlnwi/oHa, Elder-leaved ; Aiiirrirana, Ameri- 

 can ; wjiiaiira, growing in water ; and .so forth. 



302. Accordingly, any plant is named in two words, that is, by giving the 

 name of its genus and of its species. 



303. The names of the clas.s, order, <^'c., make no part of the name of the 

 plant itself. And these names differ in different .systems of cl}i.ssification, 

 while tho.se of the genus and species are tlie .same in all .systems. 





