NAMKI>, AM) STI'DiKn. 



97 



iti- 



Fi.owi:iUN(J f)r I'liKNofiAMorH Tlants, iwinicly, tlifiM' thnt hi«j |>i(ti»ji^'ut<'<l \>y 

 iiu'iins of iT.'il llfAMTs, |ir«>«liu*iiig si.imIs, which coutniu an »uiihrv<» ivjuly foriiicil. 

 Tlio lower scries consists of 



Fi.oWKUi.Kss or ritu'iooAMoiH l'i,.»NTH, which |ii<MhH'c no icil Mowers iiml 

 no ttiu} Hcj'ds, lint only souicthin^' of ,i .virujih-r sort, iinswcrin;L( to Howers an<l 

 giving rise to a/x't'is^ which scr\»' the [lurpose of seeds. 



309. This has hem exphiincd in (liiiptcr II. Section 2, p. 5S. Next, the 

 gn-at series (»f Flowering Plants is divided into t\M» C/tissrs. These <'lasses ar»< 

 distingMishaliJe hy the stem, the leaves, the flower, and tluj cinliryo or germ <>f 

 the seed. They aie ; - 



Class I. JvxuiiKNs, or DicoTYf.KnoNs (more fully ti.inied, Kj-n/jfnous or Dimtii- 



IrdiiUoUX /'hl/ifs>. I'lanis of this cliuss, as to thcii' sfii/i.-<. have the wood all 

 hetween a separate pith in the centre and a liarU on the surface, and each year 

 the stem lives, it forms a new layei- of wood r>n the surface of thai of the pie- 

 \ious year ( I I I. l 15-118). As to the /<«/V'X, they are netted \ciiicd o|- reticu- 

 lated, (he \ciiis hi'anching and h)rniing meshes (126, i2'j). As to t he y/o^rcrx, 

 their parts are •.'cner.iUy 'i<.\ H\es or fours (or the douMe or trelde <if these tunn- 

 hers), very rarely in tiirees. i\s ((» the I'lnlini'i, or ;:ei'm, it always has a jiair of 

 cotyledons or s«'ed leaves 14.S), or sometimes more than a paii* (49). 



Class II. JOsMtodKNs, or .Mo.\ocotvi.ki>()N>' (oi' more fully, Ktnln>iinnii.-< or 

 Mnn(u'(itiili'i((>iinn.< Pl<nil'<). IMatits of this class, as to their .s/'///.s, have their wood 

 in threads mixed with the j>ith an<l scattererl throughout every part, never 

 forming layers, and the hai-k is never to he peeled off clean froui the wood 

 (11J-114). The h'arrs are .almost always parallel-veined (127-129). The 

 fnirtr.< have their jiarts in threes (or twice three), very rarely in twos or fours, 

 never in lives, whidi is much the commonest niimher in the other class. And 

 the emhrijo has hut one cotyledon or seed-leaf (47, 50). 



310. So tlie class of any plant may lie told from a piece of its stem alone; or 

 from a single leaf, in most cases ; or from a hlossom ; or fi'om a seed ; or from the 

 plantlet as it springs from the m'^^kX, and in its first leaves shows the nature of th«i 

 omhryo. The seeds generally are not easy to study without a dissecting micro- 

 scope, nor can we always have them grow ing. liut the student will hardly ever 

 fail to tell the class at once, by the stem, the leaves, or the flowers, and hy the 

 whole look of the plant. 



311. The first Class divides into two Suhclasses, of very unequal A/.e, viz. : — 



i 



