' 



98 



now PLANTS AKK CI.ASSIFIKI), 





; 



SnbclaRS 1. ANnK)sPKi«Ms (or AinjiititfwrninuH r/ntit/*), whiclj havo pistils of 

 th«' coimnon sort, in wliirli tin' sri'd is toniifil aiul coritaiiifd (i6, 219). This 

 takes all of tho lirst class rxci'pt 11h« l*iii«' taiiiily, and rjijc or two small orders 

 little known in this country. These form the 



SuU-laws li. (lYMNosi'Kit.MS, that is, (t'l/in/itifi/n'ritHmn or lYnh'tf-MPt'ifnl J'/nnfn 

 (218, 250). Here tho ovnles ami seeds are nakeil, there hein^' no pistil at all, as 

 ill the Yew, or only ftn open scale that answers to it, ns in I'ines, ("edars, tVc. 



^12. The first class contains ahout a hundred common orders or natural 

 families; the s(H*ond not half so many. 



^1^^. The lower tyv second series, that of FlDicerlcsn or ('nji)ti>[iani<)U» Plants^ 

 divides into three ('lasses, viz. ; — 



Class 111. AruociK.Ns, which includes the Fern f.imily, tiic 1 1 orset ail family, 

 and the Cluh ino.ss family. 



Cla.ss IV. Anoimiytks, which consists of the (tnlers of Mos.ses and Liverworts. 



(.Ma.ss V. Tii.\i,i,oi'iiYii:s, which includes Lichens, the \\]iM or Seaweeds, and 

 the Kun^'i or Mushroom family. 



314. Hut Flowerless Plants, licin^' too djllicult for tlie lH';,'ijiner, need not 1)6 

 fui'ther mentioned here. 



315. The orders or families in the natural system are j)i'etty numerous. Tlipy 

 are named, in general, after some well known genus which may he said to repre- 

 sent tho family. Thus the order to which the Wo^v belongs is cMlle<l the lioi^e 

 f(ii)ii/i/ : that to which Crowfootsor Ihittevcups belong, the Croir/imf/ainifj/: that 

 to which Cress and Mustard belong, the ( 't'i'.<< /(iniihi : tho ( )ak gives its name to 

 t\\v Oak Janiih/ ; tho liirch to tho Ih'irh /(iiiiih/, Ww Pino (o iho J'inc fanii/t/, 

 and so on. Their Latin or .scientific names are nlso generally made from tho 

 liatin name of a leading or well known genus. For «'.\amplo, Ifnsd, the Hose, gives 

 its name to tho l{oso family, viz., liosarar, meaning Rosaceous plants ; liatnin- 

 cii/iis, tho Crowfoot genus, gives to its family the name of nannncuhvf'O' ; and 

 I\ipart>r, tho Poppy, gives to its family that of Papavem'^ece ; Jierhcris, the 

 Barberry, that of Ih't'hrriilnretv ; and so on. 



316. The student's principal difliculty at the beginning will 1)0 to find out 

 the order or family to which a plant belongs. This is because the orders are so 

 nujnorous, and commonly not to be certainly distingui.shed by any one point, 

 liut after some practice, the order will be as easy to make out as the class ; 

 and in many cases it will be known at a glance by the strong family likeness 

 to some plant which has been examined before. 



•Ki, 



ill 



