POPrLAU rL(1KA. 



203 



-t- -*- Leaves or somu of them a little Ictbed, broador upwanlH. 



10. "NVatkh O.vk. Leaves smooth ami shining, spatulate or weil'jje-obovate, with a tapering base ; 

 cup very short; ucorn jjlobulur. Swamps, S. V, ittjtidtira, 



11. I'lack-.Tack Oak. Leave-i tliick ami l,ir_'<', bmaiUy \ve(^^'e-shapo(l, ami with 3 or 5 obsctiro 

 lolios at tilt' stiiiiiiiit, shilling above, rusty-tlowny beneath, the loben or teetii bristle jiointcd. 

 Small tree, in barrens. Q. nn/ru. 



-t- -<- -H Leaves pinnatifiil r V)bcil, long-stalked, the htbes or teeth bristle-pointed. 



12. PiKAU or Sciun Oak. Leaves wedge-obovate, slightly iibimt 5 lobed, whitish-downy beneath. 

 A crookt'd siiriib, 3 to 8 high ; in barrens and rocky wuuds. (^. iliciio'in. 



^3- SrANisii Oak. l.t-avi's greyisli-dnwny beneath, Uiiiii'W above, and with 3 to 5 irregular and 

 narrow often curveil lobes ; aconi very siioit. Dry soil, S. and K. A tine tree. (,'. htlititu, 



14. Ql'EUciTUoN Oak. Leaves rusty-dowiiy when youm,', becoming nearly smooth when obi, oblong- 

 obovate, sinnate-iiimmtilid ; cup tl>p-^ll:lJled, coarse-scaly; acorn globular or tiepressed. Larga 

 tree; the inner l)aik thick mid yellow, used for dyeing. Q, Ihidoi'iit, 



15. Si'AHi.KT Oak. Very like the last. Imt the ov;d or obloiv.,' leaves smooth and shining, deeply 

 j>iniiatifid (turning deep scarlet in aiitumiij, the lobes cut-toothed ; acorn rather loii;,»'r than 

 wide. L.trge tree, common in rich woods. Q. CDiriiica, 



16. liKO Oak. Le;ives smooth, pide beneath, oblong or rather obovate, with 4 to 6 sboit lobes on 

 each side ; mcoiii olilongoval. i' long, with a short saucer-shaped cup of tine sc.des. ("oinmon 

 tree in rocky woods. I'^c. (,>. rc'./vt. 



17. Pin or Swamp Siwnish Oak. Leaves smooth and bright green on both sides, deeply pin. 

 iiatitid, oblong; the loijes diverging, out and toothed, acute; acorn globular, only .V long. 

 Low grounds, X. (J. iniliistris. 



86. BIRCH FAMILY. Ord. r F.KTULACE.K. 



^rdiKi'cidUs tiffs. witli >iiu]ili' sfi'ratc le.ivi's, ami Lutli kinds <>[' llnwcrs in scily catkiufj 

 (Fij^f. 141'), twii 111' tlucc lilM--i.ni- uinler r.icli x'.iji'. SU'iilf tl'iwiTs cicji witli 4 .-taiiu'li.s 

 and ii siipijl calyx : icrtilc tlowt-is with a 2-r(dlt'(l {(\;uv bcaiiiiu 2 Ioiil; sti:4iiias, and ill 

 fruit iK'cnniin,^' a scale-like akmc m .-mail key. (^nly tun Ljcnera : — 

 Sterile flowers with a calyx of tme scale : feitile tlowt'is 3 uiidei- each 3-lobed bract; 



each consisting of a naked ovary, in fruit becoming a liroad-winged little key. 



IJark and twigs iiromatic, (lit'tiihi) BlKCH. 



Sterile flowers generally with a 4-p;irted calyx ; fertile catkins short and thick, with 



liard scales, not falling olT ; fruit generally wingless, {Ainni<) Al.DKK. 



Birch. Bt'tula. 



1. White Birch. A small and slender tree, with white outer bark ; leaves triangular, very taper- 



l)ointe(l, on long and slender stalks. Common E. Ji. u/Ixt, 



2. Paper Ii. A large tree, with white outer bark, peeling off in papery layers, and ovate or heart- 



shaped leaves. Common N. Ji. papijriit'ea. 



3. RiVKR B. Tree, with ovate and angled acutisli leaves, on short stalks, a brownish close bark, 



and short woolly fertile catkins. Common S. and W. B. nii/va. 



il 



1 



