I 



1 1 



I ; 



20 



pruning must lni in proportion ; hh a goncral thing, it will 

 b»? sate to shorten all tho previous year's shoots to three or 

 four buds nt their base, and where tho branches are very 

 numerous, some may be cut out entirely. 



Dwarf Standard Trees and Dwarf Bushes — Must 

 be pruned as recommended for standards, aiming at pro- 

 ducing a round, well-proportioned head, with the main 

 branches regularly distributed and i'ar enough apart to 

 admit air freely to all parts. 



Cover all wounds, knife pruning, &;c., with thick paint, 

 shellac or common varnish. 



8rd. PLANTING.— Dig holes in the first place, large 

 enough to admit the roots of the tree to spread out in their 

 natural position. Then, having the tree pruned as above 

 directed, let one person hold it in an upright position, and 

 the other shovel in the earth, carefully putting the finest 

 and the best from the surface in among the roots, filling 

 every interstice, and bringing every root in contact with 

 the soil. When the earth is nearly failed in, a pail of water 

 may be throx'^n on to settle and wash in the earth around 

 the roots ; th. < fill in the remainder, and tread gently with 

 the foot. Tbo use of water is seldom necessary, except in 

 dry weather, early in fall or late in spring. Guard against 

 planting too deep ; the trees, after the ground settles, should 

 stand in this respect as they did in the Nursery. Trees on 

 dwarf stocks should stand so that all the stock be under the 

 ground, and no more. In very dry, gravelly ground, the 

 holes should be dug twice the usual size and depth, and 

 filled in with good loamy soil. 



4th. STAKING. — If trees are tall and much exposed to 

 w^inds, a stake should be planted with the tree, to which it 

 should be tied in such a manner as to avoid chafing. A 

 piece of matting or cloth may be put between the tree and 

 the stake. 



5th. MULCHING.— When the tree is planted, throw 

 around it as far as the roots extend, and a foot beyond, five 

 to six inches deep of rough manure or litter. This is par- 

 ticularly necessary in dry ground, and is highly advan- 

 tageous everywhere, both in spring and fall planting. It 

 prevents the ground from baking or cracking, and main- 

 tains an equal temperature about the roots. 



