THE FltUIT. 



41 



rant (Fig. 79), huckleherrv, tomfifo, and gi-ape. Tlie strawliprry, black- 

 berry, ami raspbeiTv avo not, botanically, berries, as will api)ear later. 



Tlie pepo is the kind of fruit f(^und in the gourtl family ; it in com- 

 monly hard without and softer within. 



The pome finds its type in the apple, in which the mass of tissue is 

 comjiosed of the thickened, adherent calyx, the thin pods containing the 

 seeds being the only representatives of the pistil. 



The stone-fruit is technically known as a drupe. It comprises an 

 outer fleshy portion enclosing a stone or putameHi containing the seed 

 (Figs. 80 and 81). 



Dry fruits are those in which the pericarp retains an herbaceous text- 

 ui'c during its devt' .neiit, and results in a membranous or liardencd 

 coating to the seed. In some of these the pericarp opens at maturity and 



Fig. so. — Cheirios. Example of a 



Via. 61. — Verlicoi section of 

 n cherry. 



I'lo. S"J. — .\chenium of a com- 

 posite plant. 



permits the seeds to escape ; such fruits are termed dehiscent. In others, 

 as well as in all fleshy and stone-fruits, the pericarp remains closed ; these 

 are termed indehiscent. 



Of indehiscent dry fruits a common form is the acheniunn, or 

 akene, a 1-socded fruit, apix'aring like a seed, but being covered closely 

 by the pericarp. Of this kind are all the fruits of the vompodla; (Fig. 

 82) and many of the ranuncidacea\ The real botanical fruit of the straw- 

 berry is also an achenium, for each of the so-called seeds is an achenium 

 innnersed in the fleshy, edible receptacle (Fig, 88). In the raspberry and 

 blackberry each grain is a minute berry or stone-fruit surrounded by a 

 fleshy mass, in the one case separable from the receptacle, in the other 

 fused with it (Figs. 81 and 85). 



The achenia of the compositte are commonly crowned with a tuft of 

 bristles or hairs, termed the pappus (Fig. 82), designed to favor their 



