CEAXOTHUS — NEW JERSEY TEA. 123 



Parts Used. — Of Illiainiius catliartica, the fruit — not official ; of K. 

 Piirsliiaua, the bark — not official. 



CoiislUucnU. — The berries of common buckthorn are pulpy and contain 

 a deep green juice, having a faint unpleasant odor, a bitterish, acrid, nau- 

 seous taste, and possessing active purgative properties. Various analyses 

 have demonstrated the jn-esence of a peculiar principle termed rhamnora- 

 tharliii, to which the berries owe icir activity. The bark of the plant is 

 also actively purgative. 



An analysis of the bark of R. Purshiana lade by Professor A. B. Prescott 

 yielded a bitter brown lesin, a I'cd resin, a light yellow resin, tannic, malic, 

 and oxalic acids, a neutral crystallizable substance, and a volatile oil, but 

 experiments have not been made to ascertain which of these possesses the 

 therapeutic properties of the bark. 



J^n'paralions. — A syrup of buckthorn made from the juice of the ber- 

 ries is official in Britain, France, and Germany. Of R. Purshiana there are 

 commercial fluid exti'acts and elixirs in profusion, but no officiid prepara- 

 tions. 



3Ic(lical Propcr/irs and Uses. — All the species of rhamnus thus far sub- 

 jected to experiment possess purgative properties of greater or less activity. 

 In general their action is harsh and violent. Nausea and vomiting, as well 

 as severe griping pains, not unfrequently attend their purgative action. 

 For this reason JL cafharlica and R Urangula {Frangula ourk) have never 

 found much favor in this countiy, and even in Europe they are commonly 

 administered Anth aromatics and correctives in order to diininish the vio- 

 lence of their action. Some years since It. Par.-^Juana was introduced to 

 professional notice in this country under the absurd and fanciful title of 

 cascara sagrada, and most energetic eftbrts were made to gain for it an en- 

 tirely unmerited reputation as a remedy f(n constipation, etc. Even when 

 administered in pleasant-tasting elixirs — of, to the prescribe!-, unknown 

 composition — its action is not unfrequently attended with nausea and grip- 

 ing. There is little reason for considering it as essentially dillerent from 

 or more valuable than frangula bark or common Ijuckthorn, and hence its 

 popularity, being forced and fictitious, will be short-lived. 



CEANOTIIUS.— Nkw Jeuskv Tea. 



Ceanothus Americanus Linne. — New Jersey Tea, Red Root. 



Description. — Calyx bell-shaped, 5-cleft, the lobes white, incurved ; the 

 lower part with a disk cohering with the ovary, the ujjper finally sep- 

 arating transvarsely. Corolla : petals 5, hooded, on slender claws longer 

 tlian the calyx, white. Stamens exscrted ; anthers ovate, 2-celled. Ovary 

 3-cclled ; styles 3, united to the middle, diverging above. Fruit bluntly 

 triangular, dry, coriaceous, separating into three carpels when mature. 



A freely branching shrub, 2 to 4 feet high, the younger branches jjubes- 



