KUmS — BRAMBLE. 141 



shaped, cnt-toot1iP(l at tho ajiex. Flowers solitary on lon<]f axillary pednn- 

 clcH, appearing throurfliout tho snniinor. 



IJabiUU. — In dry soil from Canada to (icorgia ;nid -westward ; every- 

 where coniraon. 



I'art Used. — Tlu; whole plant — not oificial. 



ConslUacnls. — Unknown. 



JWparations. — None are official or ooramoreial. Usually udministercil 

 in decoction or infusion. 



Medical Pruper/ies and U.^es. — Cinque-foil and several other si)ecies of 

 the genus possess mild astringent properties, and have been \ised, chiefly 

 in domestic i)ractice, in diarrho'a, dysentery, h'Ucorrha>a, etc. 



RIJBUS. -BRA^rnI.E. 



Character of the flennH. — Calyx 5-parted, without hractlets. Petals .", 

 deciduous. Stamens numerous, inserted into th<! border of i\\v disk. 

 Achenia numerous, pulj^ty and (h-ujiaceous, aggTogated upon a conical or 

 cylindrical spongy or succulent receptatde, persistent or deciduous. 



Perennial shrubby or suft'ruticose plants, with erect or procumbent, 

 mostly prickly and l)ienniul stems. Leaves pinnately ov pedately com- 

 pound, or simple. 



Rubus viliosus Aitun. — Common If Lg]i Blackherrij. 



Description. — Calyx : teeth linear-acuminate. Corolla : petals obovate- 

 oblong, spi'eading, much longer than the calyx, Avhite. Fruit, composed 

 of aggregated drupes, not separating from the succulent, elongated re(tep- 

 taclc, one-half to 1 inch lung, one-fourth to one-half inch in diameter, blaid;, 

 sweet, and juicy. •» 



A shrubby perennial. Stems numerous, 1 to (» feet high, \ipright or 

 reclining, furrowed, armed with strong recurved i)rickles. Leaves 3-foliato 

 or pedately .'j-fohate ; leaflets ovate or oblong-ovate, mostly acuminate, 

 doubly or unequally sei'rate, tho terminal one somewhat cordate, petio- 

 late. Flowers racemose, numerous, appearing in 3 Lay and June ; the 

 fruit ripens in August and September. 



Jfahifat. —Comiiioix everywhere along the borders of woods, old fences, 

 and in clearings. The bushes vary greatly in size and general iippearancc, 

 according to the circumstances of their growth. The fruit also is variable^ 

 in respect of size, succulence, and flavor. 



Rubus Canadensis Ijinnc.-— Loir Blackherry, linnning lUackhemi, 

 l>eioherrij. 



Hcscriplion. — Calyx: teeth mucronate. Coi-olla : petals twice tho 

 length of the calyx, white. Fruit similar to tho preceding but shorter and 

 thicker, the individual drupes being much less mnncrous but lai'ger. 



A low, trailing shrubby jilant. Stems at first ascending but ultimately 

 trailing, and rooting when long in contact with the earth, less prickly 



