248 JUGLANDACEA. 



orj^aiiH, while tlieir imrcotio and soilativo effect's seem most prononnrevl in 

 irritable conditions of the genito-urinary tract. A pillow of liops is ou) 

 of tlie standard remedies among the laity for sleeijlessness, and is often 

 used willi (he hapi)iest clltH^ts. Hop fojiiciitations are frrquontly ein])loy(d 

 to relieve tlie [):iin of abscesses and inllanunations, and form an excelknt 

 application for the purpose. 



JUCLANOACEA. 



Chararter of the Order. — Trees with alternate, pinnate, oxstipulato 

 leaves. Flowers momccious, the staminate in catkins, witli an irrogular 

 calyx adnale to the bract ; the fertile solitary or in smuU clusters or 

 spikes, with a regular 3- to 5-lobed calyx adherent to the incompletely 2- 

 to 4-cellod, l-ovnl(!d ovary. Fruit a dry, bony-shelled drupe, containing 

 a largo 4-lobed, oily seed. 



A small order of trees of gi'eat economic importance. Among its most 

 importuit representatives in North America are the butternut, black- 

 walnut and hickory, 



JITGLANS.— W.\LNUT. 



Juglans cinerea Limu'. — lUdtcmxt. 



DcscripUo)!. — Staminate Howers in long, simple, lateral catkins from 

 the wood of the preceding year ; calyx unequally 3- to G-cleft. Stamei>s 12 

 to 40 ; lilaments free, very short. Pistillate Howers solitary or clustered on 

 a pediUK^le at the end of the branches ; calyx 4-toothed, with 4 minute 

 petals at the sinuses. Sivles 2, vei'y short ; stigmas 2, club-shapod, slightly 

 fringed. Fruit oblong, with, a clammy, tibrous-flcshy epicarp, and a very 

 liard, irregularly and deeply-furrowed endocarp, or nut-shell. 



A tree 20 to 50 feet high, with gray bark and widely spreading branches. 

 Leaves long, unequally pinnate ; leaflets 15 to 17, the lateral sessile, the 

 terminal petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the base, acuminate, 

 finely serrate, downy, especially beneath, the petioles and branchlets 

 downy with clammy hairs. 



IM)Uaf.~l\\ rich woods and in fields ; everywhere common. 



Part Uml. — The inner bark of the root — United Staten f'hnrmacopma. 



ConatitaentH. — Tlie most important constituent thus far isolated from 

 butternut bark is a volatile acid, called by its iWficovevev jiiqlandir arid, but 

 believed by other chemists to be identical witli nxiciih previously found in 

 the pericarp and leaves of Jur/lans rer/ia Linne. To this substance is 

 doubtless due the greater part of the activity of the bark. 



Preparations, — Extractum juglandis — extract of juglans. — United Stales 

 Pharmnropri'ia. 



Medical Properties and Uses, — Butteniut is a miltl cathartic, resembling 



