JUNIPEKUS — JUNirER. 



20 1 



JUNIPKIIUH.— .IiNii-KK. 



Charactrr of the CiciiKs. — Flowers diiJ'ciouH, occiiHioimlly niouajciouH, 

 in V017 Hinall lateriil ciitkiriH. AiitherH ',\ to 6, ono-ccUed, iiiscrtoil in tliti 

 lower e«l{^o of the scales. F(!rtile flowers few in a small ovoid catkin, of 

 51 to 0, llosliy coalesccnt scales, each one-ovuled. Fruit bcrry-Hko, thouffh 

 ill reality a reduced llesliy cone, with scaly bracts iit the base, black with a 

 whitish bloom. 



Everj^rcen slnnibs or trees with small, scale-like leaves. 



Juniperus communis Linn<!'. — Common Jmnpir. 



]>erries f,'l<)bular, one-third inch in diameter, durk-purplish, uiid covered 

 with a whitish bloom. Leaves iirtic- 

 ulated, in whorls of l{. with a slender 

 prickly point, one-hidf to three-four! lis 

 of an iniih loncf, bright green below, 

 gkiucous-white above. 



A low shrub, 4 to (5 feet high, as- 

 cending or Sj)reading on the ground. 



//iihilaf. — On dry sterile hills ; 

 common. It is abundant also in Eu- 

 rope, where it fruits more freely than 

 here.'. 



Juniperus VirginianaLume. — 

 liril Cellar. 



Dcxcriplion. — Berries smalha" than 

 in the preceding. Leaves of two dif- 

 ferent formf- ; the younger ones small, 

 ovate, acute, scale-like, ind)ri(!ate in 

 four rows upon the sub-divided 

 brauclilets ; the older, awl sliaped, 

 loose, one-half inch long. The latter 

 form is common in young plants, 

 making theni rcsend^le, to some ex- 

 tent, the preceding species. 



A shrub or small tree in the East, but westward often attaining a height 

 of 60 to 90 feet. 



JIabitaf. — In sterile or rocky soil ; common. ' 



Parts Used. — Of J. connnunis : the fruit — Uniled States Pharmncojya'ia. 

 Of J. Virginiana : the tops — formerly official, but dropped from the Phar- 

 macop(jeia in 1880. 



Const it uenlti. — Juniper berries contain a small percentage of fragrant 

 volatile oil, a peculiar principle termed Jimipenn, and common vegetable 

 principles. Eed cedar contains volatile oil, resin, and common vegetable 

 principles. 



Fio. 1!>Ci. -Juniperus commiinin. 



