P YRENOMYCE TES. 



■j 





This oi'dcr iiicliidcs tlntso funtii in which the hyiiiciiinin is iuclosod 

 in a siili.uloltosc cnvi'Iopc or shull (pci'ithcciinii). wiiii'li cither I'cninin? 

 ch)sc(l or, more f>:oncralIy, is pierctMl ul)o\c with a small, round opcniiiir 

 (ostiohnn) winch i.s often more or less prolonu'cd, so as to form a short 

 tuhe oi" Iteak. 



From the knver jiart, and olten Irom the sides of the itnier surface 

 of the |ierithecium, si)rin<i' numei-ous ti'ansjtarent. membranaceous sacs 

 (asci) containiiiv," minute, ffloli(xse, oblonjr, cylindrical or thread-like 

 liodies (s)ioridia). 



Between the asci arise usually, slench-r, fdilorm lutdies (para[)h-- 

 yscs) whos(! oHice is not well understood. They have liceii suji]»osed 

 to he alxirtivc asci. 



TIio perithecia are either developed directly from the mycelium, 

 separate and distinct fi'oni each other (simple), or arc more or less im- 

 hcdded in a carnose, coriaceous or carlionaceous substance called the 

 sti'oma (compound). The stroma assumes vaiious foims, ell'used, pul- 

 vinate, tubercular or vertically eIont;ated, cylin Irical or dendroid. 



Often the stroma consists of the slightly altercil substance of the 

 wood or Itark. 



'I'hc surface of the stroma before the devoloi>ment of the peri- 

 thecia is often clothed with a hyphomycetous growth, producing aerial 

 spoies (conidia). Also, accompanying or jjreceding the ascigcrous 

 pci'ithecia, are others (spermogonia or pycnidia) [»roducing in their 

 hymenial cavities sjiore.s (sporules) boi'ne on pedicels and not in asci. 



The conidia, spci-mogonia and pycnidia are supposed to be gener- 

 icallj'^ connected with the ascigerous perithecia, but this matter is not 

 yet well understood. 



Dr. Winter, whose svstematic arrangement we have mostlv 

 adopted, divides th*^ Pyrenomycetes into the ibllowing suborders. 



1. PERISPORIACE.E. Perithecia with the ostiolum obscure or 

 wanting, coriaceous or brittle-carl »onaceous, opening irregularly, gen- 

 erally without any stroma, but mostly seated on a well developed, 

 superficial mycelium. 



2. HVPOCREACE.'E. Perithecia with an ostiolum, and with- the 

 stroma (when present) carnose or membi-anacco-cai'nose, and briglit 

 colored (yellow, red, A'c). 



