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fisheries is p;reat : mackerel, herring, halihnt, capelin, and liaiincc aboiind, and arc 

 c.-Minht inside of the principal bays and iiari)()nrs, wlicrc tlicy resort to spawn. 

 Hctwcen 300 and 4l)0 United States' tisliins; vessels yearly iVeqiieiit the waters of tins 

 j2;r<)ii|), ar.d take large quantities of fish, l>olli for curing and hait. A single seine 

 has been known to take at one haul enough of herrings to fdl 3,000 barrels. Seining 

 mackerel is similarly productive. During tlie spring and summer lishcry of the year 

 187o, when the mackerel were closer inshore than usual, the comparative failure of 

 American fishermen was owing to their being unprepared with suitable hauling 

 nets and small boats, their vessels being unable to approach close enough to the 

 beaches. 



In the case of the remaining portions of the seaboard of Canada, the terms of 

 the Convention of 1818 debarred United States' citizens from landing at any jiart 

 for the pursuit of operations connected with fishing. This jirivilpge is essential to 

 the successful prosecution of both the inshore and deep sea fisheries. By it they 

 would be enabled to |)rcparc their fish in a superior manner in a salubrious climate, 

 as well as more expeditiously, and they would be relieved of a serious embarrass- 

 ment as regards the disposition of fish oHals, bv curing on siiore the fish which 

 otherwise would have been dressed on l)oard their vessels, and the refuse thrown 

 overboard. 



All the advantages above detailed have been secured for a period of twelve 

 years to United States' fishermen. Without them fishing operations on many parts 

 of the coast would be not only unremunerative, but imjiossible ; and they may, 

 therefore, be fairly claimed as an important item in the valuation of the liberties 

 gr. nted to the United States under Article XVIII of the Treaty of Washington. 



3. Transshippinrj cargoPK and obtaining supplies, isr. 



Freedom to transfer cargoes, to outfit: vessels, buy supplies, obtain ice, engage 

 sailors, procure bait, and traffic generally in Br'*,ish ports and harbours, or to 

 transact other business ashore, not necessarilv connected with fishing pursuits, arc 

 secondary privileges which materially enhance the principal concessions to United 

 States' citizens. These advantages are indispensable to the success of foreign 

 fishing on Canadian coasts. Without such facilities, fishing operations, both inside 

 and outside of the inshores, cannot be conducted on an extensive and remunerative 

 scale. Under the Reciprocity Treaty these coii»eniences proved very important, 

 more particularly as respects obtaining bait and transferring cargoes. The 

 American fishermen then came inshore evervwhere ahmg the coast and caught bait 

 ior themselves, instead of requiring, as previously, to buy, and preserve it in ice, 

 saving thereby much time and expense. They also transshipped their fish and 

 returned with their vessels to the fishing ground ; thus securing two or three fares 

 in one season. Both of these, therefore, are distinct benefits. There are other 

 indirect advantages attending these privileges; such as carrying on fishing opera- 

 tions nearer the coasts, and thereby avoiding risks to life and projierty, as well 

 whilst fishing as in v lyaging homeward and back ; also having always at command 

 a convenient and commodious base of operations. They procure cheap and regular 

 supplies without loss of time, enabling them always to send off their cargoes of fish 

 promptly by rail and steamers to meet the current market demand for domestic 

 consumption or foreign export, instead of being compelled to "beat up" to 

 Gloucester or Boston with each cargo, seldom returning for ;: second ; and it may 

 be remarked that all their freight business in fish from provin, il ports is carried 

 on in American bottoms, thus creating a profitable business for United States' 

 citizens. 



The advantages above described of being able to make second and third full 

 fares, uiidtubtedly, in most instances, doubles the catch whic-h can be made in 

 Btitish Canadian waters by a vessel during one season, and it. tiierelbrc, may be 

 reasonably estimatf^d that it enables United States' fishermen to double their profits. 



4. Formntinn u; ^ishinij rstiblislimrnls. 



The privilege of establishing permanent fisliing stations on the shores of 

 Canadian bay-i. creeks,, and harliours, akin to that of landing to drv and cure lisli, 

 is of nialeriai advantage to United States' citizens. Before tiie 'I'reatv the common 

 practice with ,\ — erican vessels was to take au ay their cargoes of codfish in a green 

 btate. and to dry them at home. Those cndlish caught on the banks olf-shore are 

 usuallv fine, well-conditioned fisii. but, being cured in hulk iiistea<l of being cured or 

 packed ashore, are of inferior value. Apart from the fishing facilities and business 

 conveniences thus afforded to Americans for pro.-.('cuting both the deep-sea .-uid 

 inshore fisheries, there are climatic ailvanlages connected with this privilege of a 



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