of that island only for the purpose of procuring bait for the Bank fishery. This 

 may up to the present time, to some extent, be true as regards cod-fish, but not as 

 regards herring, turbot, and halibut. It is not at all probable that, possessing; as 

 they now do the right to take herring and capelin for themselves on all parts of the 

 Newfoundland coasts, they will continue to purchase as heretofore, and they will 

 thus prevent the local fishermen, especially those of Fortune Bay, from engaging in 

 a very lucrative employment which formerly occupied tiiem during a portion of the 

 winter season for the supply of the United States' market. < 



The words of the Treaty of Washington, in dealing with the question of 

 compensation, make no allusion to what use tlie United States may or do make of 

 the privileges gianted them, but simply state that, inasmucii as it is asserted by 

 Her Majesty's Government that the privileges accorded to the citizens of the United 

 States under Article XVllI are of greater value than those accorded by Articles 

 XIX and XXI to the subjects of Her Britannic Majesty, and this is not admitted 

 by the United States, it is further agreed that a Commission shall be appointed, 

 having regard to the privileges accorded by the United States to Her Britannic 

 Majesty's subjects in Articles Nos. XIX and XXI, the amount of any compensation 

 to be paid by the Government of the United States to tiiat of Her Majesty, in return 

 for the privileges accorded to the United .States under Article XVIII. 



It is asseited, on the part of Her Majesty's Government, that the actual use 

 which may be made of this privilege at the present moment is not so much in 

 question as the actual value of it to those who may, if tliey will, use it. ft is 

 possible, and even probable, that United States' fishermen may at any moment avail 

 themselves of tiie privilege of fishing in Newfoundland inshore waters to a much 

 larger extent than they do at present ; but even if they shoidd not do so, it would 

 not relieve them from the obligation of making the just payment for a right which 

 they have acquired subject to the condition of making that payment. The case 

 may be not inaptly illustrated by the somewhat analogous one of a tendency of 

 shooting or fishing privileges ; it is not because the tenant fails to exercise the 

 rights which he has acquired bv virtue of his lease that the proprietor should be 

 debarred from the recovery of fiis rent. 



There is a marked contrast, to the advantage of the United States' citizens, 

 between the privilege of access to fisheries the most valualjlc and productive in the 

 world, and the barren right accorded to the inhabitants of Newfoundland of fishing 

 in the exhausted and preoccupied waters of the United States north of the 39tK 

 parallel of north latitude, in which there is no field for lucrative operations even if 

 British subjects desired to resort to them; and there are strong gro .nds for 

 believing that year by year, as United Slates' fishermen resort in greater numbers 

 to the coasts of Newfoundland for the purpose of procuring bait and supplies, they 

 will become more intimately acquainted with the resources of the inshore fisheries 

 and their unlimited capacity for extension and development. As a matter of fact, 

 United States' vessels have, since the Washington Treaty came into operation, been 

 successfully engaged in these fisheries; and it is but reasonable to anticipate that, 

 as the advantages to be derived from them become more widely known, larger 

 numbers of United States' fishermen will engage in them. 



A participation by fisliernicn of the United States in the freedom of these 

 waters must, notwithstanding their wonderfully reproductive capacity, tell materially 

 on the local catch, and, while allording to the United Slates' fishermen a profitable 

 employnienr. must seriously interfere with local success. The extra amount of bait 

 also which is re(]uired for the sup|Jv of the United States' demand for the Bank 

 Fishery nuist have the effect of diminishing the sup|)ly of cod for the inshores, as 

 it; is well known that the j)resence of that fish is caused by the attraction ofiered by 

 a large quantity of bait fishes, and as this quantity diminishes the cod will resort 

 in (ewer numbers to the coast. The eflect of this diminution may not in all pro- 

 bai)ility be a|)parent for some years to come, and whilst United States' fishermen 

 will have the liberty of enjoying the fisheries for several years in their present 

 teeming ami remunerative state, the effects of over-fishing may, after their right to 

 participate in them has lajised, become seriously prejudicial to. the interests of the 

 local fishermen. 



II. — Tlir Piicilege rf j.roairiTig Bail and Supplies, Refitting, Drying, Transshipping, Sfc. 



Apart from the innnensc value to United States' fishermen of participation in 

 the Newfoundland inshore fisheries must be estimated the important privilege of 

 procuring Lait for the prosecution of the bank and deep-sea fisheries, which arc 



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