187 



it shall 1x1 nIlf)WP(l tn subjects nf Vninrc to cntcli fish and to dry them on land in that part nnly, and 

 ill no otlier liMidt-.s that, of thci said Ishmd of Nt'\vfoiiinllund, which stretches fitun the jihuo cidled 

 ("ftlMi Itoiiavista to till! nortlu'in jioiiit of the said Ishiiid, and fiiun theme runiiiii;,' chtwii the western 

 side readies us far as tlie jilace called Point liiche. Hut the island called Cape Hreloii, us also all 

 others, Initli in the iiioiitli of the Itiver St. Liwri'iice, and in the (!iilf of the same iiaiiie, shall In-reafler 

 Indoii},' of ri^!ht to the ImciicIi, and the Most Christian Kiiy shall have all nimuier of liherly to fortify 

 any place or places there." 



And l)y Article V of the Treaty of Versailles, a.d. 1783, it is further agreed 

 that,— 



" His Majesty the Most Christian Kinj;, in onler to jtn^vent the quarrels which have hitherto 

 arisen iM'twern the two nations of Kiif;Iaiicl and Fmiice, consents to reliouinre the ri},dil of tishiii;;, which 

 indon^s to him in viiliie of the aforesaid Article of tlie Treaty of I'ti-echt, from Cairn Hoiiavista to 

 Cape St. .lohli, situated on the eastern coast of Xewfonndlaiid, in fifty de;,'rees north latitude ; and His 

 Majesty tile KiiiL; of ( Ireut Itiitain coineiits, on iiis piirt, that tlu^ lisluny a8sij,'iied to the sulyiM'.ts of 

 Mis Most Clirislian Maji'sty, liej;iiiiiini» at the said Cajie St. .lolin, jiassiii^' to the north, ami desicndinj; 

 liy the western cnast of the Island of Newroiindland, sliall e.xteiiil to the place called Cape liay, 

 situated ill forty-seven de.jives lilty minutes latitude. The Kieiich li.'<lievmeii shall enjoy the fishery 

 which is assi^'iied to them liy tlic present Artieh;, as they had the ri^ht to enjoy that which was 

 assijiiicd to them liy the Treaty of I'tivcht." 



The derlaration of His Britannic Majesty accompanying the last named Treaty 

 is ns follows : — 



"The Kiiej, haviii;; entirely a;^TCCi! with His Most Christian Majesty ujioii the Articles of the 

 Oeliiiitive Treaty, will seek every meiiiis wliirh sliall not only ensure the execution theii'of with hii 

 ai'ciistomed 1,'mimI fiiitli and )iuiietiiidity, and will In'sides ;,'ive, on his part, all p<i.ssil)le ciVicacy to the 

 priiii'iplcs which shall |in!vent even tlii^ least foundation of disputt! for the future. To ihi.-! end, I'lid 

 in order that the fisheniieii of the two nalioiis may not ;jive caiisi^ for daily cpiarrcls, His ISiitaiinie 

 Majesty will take the nio.st, jiositi\(! measures for ]ireventiii^' his siilijects from interrnptinj,' in any 

 manner, hy llieir louipetition, the, fi^lieiy nl' the Kiench, durini,' the tcm]H)miy exercuse of it which is 

 j;raiited to them upon the coasts of the Island of Newfoundland, hut he will for this pur]io.se cau.se the 

 tixi'd selllemeiils which shall lie formeil there to lie removed. His Hritainiic Majesty will ;,'ive orders 

 that the French lisheiiiien lie not incommoded in cuttiiij,' the woud necessary for the repair of their 

 scaffolds, huts, and tishiii;^ vessels." 



" The XI I Itii Article of the Treaty of rtrecht. and the methoil of c arryini; on the lishery, which 

 has at all timi-s lieeii acknowh'(li;i'i|, shall he the jilaii upnii which the fishery shall Is- carriccl on there; 

 it shall not he deviat<'d from hy either party ; the Kiench hshermeu liiiililini; only their scaffolds, con- 

 fining ihem.sclves to the repair of their fishiii',' vessels, and iml wintering then' ; the sulijecls of His 

 Itritannic Majesty, on their ]iart, not molesting in any manner the Fitiiicli fishermen during their 

 fishing, nor injuring their scaffolds during their aliseiice." 



"The King of (ireut liritain, in ceding the inlands of St. I'ierre and J[ii|iiclon to Fmiice, regards 

 them as ceded for the purpose of serving as a real shelter to the Fivncli fislieriiien, and in full coiifi- 

 il'iice that these po.s.sessioiis will not liecome an oliject of jealousy iM-tween the two nations ; nn I that 

 the fishery lielweeii the said islamls and that of Newfoundland sliall he limited to the middle of the 

 ehuunel." 



The "extensive rights to the inshore fisheries" of Newfoundland, alle<jed to be 

 possessed l>v the United States prior to the Wasiiington Treaty, consisted, first, 

 of a rijjht to participate, in common with British subjects, in sucli rights of fishing 

 on the northern and western parts of tl.;* coast, between Quirpun Island and Cane 

 Ray, as liritisii subjects possessed after tiie concessions made to the French by the 

 aforesaid Treaties of .v.n. 1713 and 1783; secondly, the liberty, in common with 

 British subjects, to take lis!) on the southern coast from Cape Ray to the Rnmeau 

 Islands. 'I'lie fust is of very limited value considering tiic large concessions 

 previously made to the French, and the second exteiuls over a comparatively short line 

 of coast oidv. The coast of Newfoundland from the Rameau Islands to Cape Ray, 

 and thence north toQuirpon Island, is too ienu)te, and is not suitable as a basis for 

 carrvingon th«Mleep-sea and liank fisheries, the eastern and southeastern coasts 

 nowlhrovvn open to the United States being the parts of the Island which can be 

 al«)iu! aviiiled of for that jiurposc with real advantage. The United States moreover 

 undertook by Treaty with France, in 1801 (Article XXVIl), that— 



" Neither partv will intermeddle in the fisheries of the other on its coasts, nor di.stuHi the nlher 

 in file exercise ol the rights which it now holds or may aci|uiri' on the coa^t of Ni'wl'oiindlaiid, in the 

 I'ulf of St. Lawi-elice, or elsewhere on the ;\mcrii-aii coast iiorlhward of the I'liited Stales. Iiul the 

 whale and seal fisheries shall lie live to Isilh in every quarter of the world." 



Therefore " the extensive rights" of tiic United States on the coasts of New- 

 foundland tlwiiulle down to liie mereiilierty, in common with British subjects, to take 



