im 



APPENDIX K. 



BUIKF OX BEHALF OF IIeU MaJKSTV's GoVEKNMF.NT IN llEPLY TO THE nRIGF ON 

 IIKHALF OF TIIK UNITED StATKS. 



I I 



I 



TIIK extent to wliicli the dominion and jurisdiction of a maritime state extends 

 on its external sea coast lias not always, or by dillercnl nations, heen treated with 

 vinaiiimity. Alter the introduction of lire-arms (See "Anna" 5 Hol>. ',\H^t) that 

 I'Xlent or distance, ii|)*in the then reason of the lUmi;,— I rner tlnminiuin Jinltur ubi 

 Jiiiitiir (iniKiniin ils, as cited liy Lord Stowell,--was said to he usually recoj^nized to 

 lie about three miles IVoin the shore, but now that the ranj;e ol' modern artillery has 

 been so largely increased, if not upon other grounds, it is jjrobable that a greater 

 distance woidd i)e claimed by many nations, including the United States of America. 

 '['he |iractical, aixl therelorc real and true reason t)f the ride is slated by Kent, 

 '•('umnu iitaries "I, pageo..'. where, after commenting on a citation of A/.uni. he says: 

 •• All that can rcasonaljly i)c asserted is, that the dominion of the sovereign of 

 llie shore over the contiguous sea extends as far as is rccjuisite for his safety and for 

 some law fid end." No dispute has arisen touching the distance from the external 

 line of coast from which American lisliermen have been excluded from taking lish, 

 and therefore that subjecl may lie rejected from the present discussion. 



It is admitted by all authorities, whether writers on international law, judges 

 who have inlerpreted that law. or statesmen who have negotiated u|)on or carried it 

 into clfect in 'i'reaties or Conventions, that every nation has the right of exclusive 

 doiniiiioM and j:irisilictiim over those |)ortion.s of its adjacent waters which are 

 inchidiv! b\ promontoriLS or headlands within its territories. The rule is thus 

 stated in W'heattm's International Law (^siiond edition by Mr. Lawrence, page '.\20): 

 ■■ Tiie maritime territory of every state extends to the ports, harbours, Ixii/x, mouths 

 of rivers, and adjacent parts of the sea, inclosed by headlands bolonging to the same 

 state." 



Upon examination of Article I of the Convention of 1818, mentioned in the 

 XVI Ikli Article of the Treaty of Washington, it will be ascertained how far the 

 privilege has been conceded by the latter Article to United States' lishcrmen to use 

 bays in liritish North America. 



The following is Article XVIII of the Treaty of Washington : — 



'■I: i> nurct'il liv tlif llij.'li ( 'iiiUKictiii;,' I'.irlirs iliat in ailililinn ici tlic liljcily .--('iiiiril Id tlic 

 riiilril .Sinter' INlicntli'll liv llii' I nuMlitiiiii lii'lwcfii (ileal iiiilaili uliil tile I'lijli'i! .Stales, .sijiiicd at 

 (.niiiliiii'intlii' "JOth (lay nt f >i|ip1m r, iSls, nf takill;,^ ciiiiii;:, aihl diyiii;,' lisli mi tciluiii rmu'^ls of the 

 l;iili-ii Xniili .Vmniraii I'niiniiiv-i lliiMciii ilcliiicd, till' iulialiilaiils iil lljc fiiitcMl .Siatrs .sliiill have, in 

 roiiiiiiuii wit'ii till' .siiliji'cts 111' Jli-f liiitaiiiiii' Maji'sty, tin' lilicily Inr tlic ii mi cif yiais iiii'iitii>iii'<l in 

 Artiilc WXIl! Ill' this Ticity, hi taki,' iisli ul' cvciy kiiiii, i'\it|iI slirll-tisli, mi tlic Ht'ii-i(ia.sls ami 

 -linli's, at; 1 ill till' liays, liai-lmins. aii'i i iciks of tlic I'luviiicrs of (.liirl'ic', Nnva .Scotia, ami New 

 l'.rtiii.--uirlc, ami tlic Colony o! I'riuct- Kilwaiil's Islaml, ami of ilic several isliiials tliciciinio acljiirciit. 

 without liciii^' I'cslrictcd to any ili.-taiicc IVoiii llic slioic, Willi jHiniission to laiiil ii|ioii tlic saiil coii.stis 

 auil ^li'ivc-i ami i.sliimis, ami also ujioii the Ma^^ilalcn Islaiiils, lia- tin' |air|iosc of tlniiij,' their ncl.s and 

 riiiinj.' llicif lish ; |iroviilcd that, in so doin',', tlay do not intciiorc willi lliu ri(,'hls of |irivutc 

 ipiiiiicity, of with liiitisli lisliciniLii, in the iicaccalilt! iisu of any iiaii ol" the said ccasUs in tlit-ii 

 oi-cuwmcy for tlic saiiic' )aii|iosc. 



■ It is nndcrst I that the aliovc-niciilioncd liUcrly ajijilics solely to the sea lislicry, and that llie 



s.dir.on Mid shad llsheiics, ainl all utlier lisliories in livers and the nioiilli.s of rivers, are jiuieliy 

 joscncd exclusively fur I'.rilish tislieinieii." 



O 



Article I of the Convention of 1818 is as follows :- 



"^lieiea.s diflereiiccs Imve arisen resiieetiiif,' llie lilieity elainieil hy the I'liiUMl Slii(.«!,s lor thu 

 .iial'ilaiil.s thereof to take, dry, and tiiru lish on Lert4iin eoiwls, bays, Iiarhuuis, mid ereek.s of IUh o 



