16 



The Florists^ Review 



Mabch 13, 1919. 



is not selected or chosen; he asserts 

 himself in every field of effort. This is 

 part of the florists' business; it is part 

 of every business and ours in particular. 

 The product of our work is dedicated to 

 the expression and preservation of life 's 

 richest sentiments centered around a 

 stabilized home. 



Anything we can do for each other 

 will be beneficial. Our interests are 

 mutual; there can be no store or whole- 

 saler without the grower and few grow- 

 ers without these distributing agencies. 

 Cooperation spells success. 



Lessons of the War. 



What lesson can we gain from our 

 trials of the recent past? We were 

 then confronted by rulings, the wisdom 

 of which I do not question, and condi- 

 tions that discouraged us all, closing 

 up some of the weaker ones entirely. 

 Let us look forward and believe difficul- 

 ties are not made to break us; every 

 trying situation we can overcome 

 strengthens us for a harder one. It is 

 the weeding out process that never ends. 

 We have learned that the man who can 

 stay in the game has been and will be 

 rewarded for his determination. 



There has been much comment in our 

 trade papers and elsewhere as to the 



effect of high prices. Probably each 

 viewpoint represented the selfish inter- 

 est of the individual to some degree. 

 Was it not a natural condition, governed 

 by cause and effect? The old law of 

 supply and demands has in the past 

 eventually been the price regulator and 

 is it not safe for the present and future? 

 Can not our own publicity in criticism 

 of high prices drive more customers from 

 the counter than all other causes? Why 

 not a united front, facing together the 

 true situation? 



Our Futiire. 



The future is a problem for which no 

 one has the answer. Let us be conserva- 

 tively optimistic in believing there has 

 been no time when the need and oppor- 

 tunity has been greater for us to go 

 steadily forward. In the absence and 

 shortage of some items, make the best 

 use of what there is to work with, fill- 

 ing our empty benches with whatever 

 there is at hand, in the faith that, if 

 well done, the public will value it. 



The conflicting ideals of a radical, 

 restless, unsettled people, need at this 

 hour all the soothing, sweetening, in- 

 spiring influences that have been given 

 to us to mellow them. Let us do it with 

 flowers. Success will follow him who 

 is unafraid. 



BLACK SPOT OF THE BOSE. 



Its Economic Asi>ect. 



The rose was probably the first flower 

 cultivated for ornament or for perfume. 

 Being native to the north temperate 

 zone, it occurs within these limits en- 

 tirely around the world and is grown in 

 all temperate climates. Millions of 

 roses for the market are produced in 

 large glasshouses in order that blossoms 

 may be had throughout the year. In the 

 value of the crop the rose easily leads 

 all other flowers grown under glass, 

 while its importance as a garden plant is 

 too well known to need comment. 



That the rose is subject to numerous 

 diseases is a matter of common observa- 

 tion. Doubtlessly all growers and fan- 

 ciers are familiar with the two most se- 

 rious diseases, black spot and mildew. 

 These may be said to be ubiquitous. 

 Other diseases have probably had a later 

 development and are becoming of more 

 and more importance under present in- 

 tensive methods of propagation. In ca- 



An extract from a lecture by Louis M. Massey, 

 Professor of Plant Patliology at Cornell Univer- 

 Blty, delivered before the Massachusetts Horti- 

 cultural Society. 



tering to the demands of the trade and 

 of the fanciers, many new types have 

 been developed by breeding and it is 

 probable that the natural resistance of 

 wild forms brought about through the 

 process of the survival of the fittest has 

 been sacrificed. 



The scarcity of definite information is 

 one of the noticeable phases of the sub- 

 ject of diseases of roses. This situation 

 finds explanation in the fact that dis- 

 eases of ornamental plants in general 

 usually have been studied by patholo- 

 gists either as an incident to other in- 

 vestigations or by mycologists interested 

 in taxonomy. Many recommendations 

 for the control of diseases have been 

 nnade without due consideration being 

 given to the conditions and needs either 

 of the commercial grower or of the fan- 

 cier. Sprays which will discolor foliage 

 and buildings may be more objection- 

 able than the disease itself, with the re- 

 sult that growers have been loath to- use 

 many of them even though their ef- 

 ficiency in suppressing specific diseases 

 has been established. Further investi- 

 gation of rose diseases is highly desir- 

 able. 



Black Spot Is Ubiquitous. 



Probably the most common and de- 

 structive disease of the rose is black 

 spot. It occurs wherever roses are grown, 

 nearlv all the cultivated varieties both 



outdoors and under glass being affected, 

 although not all varieties are equally 

 susceptible. Boses of the hybrid per- 

 petual and Pernetiana groups are con- 

 sidered most susceptible. Laubert and 

 Schwartz hold that bushy sorts are more 

 susceptible than climbers and also that 

 those with (Ilin leaves are more liable 

 to attack. The writer has observed that 

 practically all bush roses, hybrid per- 

 petuals, hybrid teas, teas and Perne- 

 tianas, are more or less susceptible, 

 while those of the types multiflora and 

 Wichuraiana are comparatively free 

 from attack. Hybrids of Bosa rugosa 

 and moss roses are rarely affected, al- 

 though Scribner states that "moss roses 

 and those with thick, rough leaves seem 

 to suffer more than other kinds." This 

 worker may have confused an abnormal 

 condition of the leaves of moss roses 

 known as "bronzing" with black spot. 

 Several names have been used to 

 designate the disease under considera- 

 tion, among which are black spot, leaf 

 blotch, star-shaped leaf spot, and rose 

 actinonema. It is perhaps best known 

 as black spot, this name being gener- 

 ally accepted and rdherer" to both by 

 scientific workers and growers. 



History and Distribution. 



The black spot of roses is not a new 

 disease, being first noted in Italy in 

 1824. It was probably present many 

 years before this date and has long been 

 known to the rose growers of Europe. 

 In 1825 the hybrid perpetual began to 

 take first place in the rose world and, 

 as this class is probably the most sus- 

 ceptible to black spot, it is not surpris- 

 ing that references to the disease began 

 to appear more and more in articles on 

 the cultivation of roses. 



Saccardo notes the occurrence of 

 black spot in France, England, Italy, 

 Belgium, Germany, Austria, Portugal 

 and North America. No special atten- 

 tion has been given the disease by Amer- 

 ican investigators until in more recent 

 years, when, due to the more intense 

 cultivation of the rose or the produc- 

 tion of more susceptible varieties, it has 

 come to be considered the worst enemy 

 of this plant. Possibly the first report 

 of the disease in America was by Scrib- 

 ner in 1888. Both Maynard and Hum- 

 phrey record observations on the dis- 

 ease the following year. Subsequently 

 the disease has been reported as occur- 

 ring in practically every part of the 

 United States and it is safe to state 

 that black spot exists wherever roses 

 are grown. 



Economic Importance. 



Black spot is probably the most im- 

 portant of all the many diseases of the 

 rose. It is both an enphytotic and an 

 epiphytotic disease of outdoor plants, 

 being more or less abundant every year 

 and in seasons especially favorable for 

 its development, attacking and defoliat- 

 ing a large percentage of all garden 

 roses. Under glass the disease is prac- 

 tically always present, ready to become 

 epiphytotic as soon as proper conditions 

 of temperature and moisture develop. 

 The extreme susceptibility of hybrid 

 perpetual roses to black spot is one of 

 the factors contributing to their de- 

 crease in popularity. The great suscep- 

 tibility of the Pernetiana group to this 

 disease threatens to be the limiting fac- 

 tor in its popularity unless some prac- 

 tical methods of control are developed. 



Although the lesions sometimes occur 

 well down on the petioles and even in 



