60 



GIANTS Afro PlOMrES. 



come to the Chalk. We hnve liglit enough to soc this. With 

 inooiiliyht we pass through the Cretncrous. lieforo reaching 

 Rugby, of educntional nml ecclesiastical fame, vre conio to the 

 .Jurassit;. The layers of rock distinctly show this. Wo have 

 come to the Antrnonites (snake stones) and Encrinites (St. 

 Cuthl)ert's Beads) of So. 14. An extensive; inuseiini collection 

 presented by the late Mr. Wesley, marble worker, illustrates 

 these formations. Farther on, we have Triassic, Permian and 

 Carboniferous in varying order all the way to Liverpool. We 

 now take a short sleep ; at daybreak, we raise our blind and 

 find that we are at Kendal. Our map informs us thi t we have 

 passed the boundary of tlie formations on which wo had 

 entered b.fore we wei to sleep. We are now going through 

 the Siliu'ian and Cambrian formations o( Westmoreland and 

 (Juml)erland coiTcsponding with Nos. 2, 1, 3, ' 4, and on 

 "ascending " we pass through Carboniferous limestone, Permian 

 and Triassic of the latter, and reach Carlyle. The New Ked 

 Sandstone or Triassic through which We have passed is remark- 

 able for its Gypsum: and Rocksalt. This led the earlier 

 Geologists of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton into error l^y which 

 they connected 'le Gypsums of Nova Scotia in all cases with 

 its Triassic. Other Sandstones of the Carboniferous forn)ation, 

 especially in Cape Breton, in association with its Gypsums 

 were thereby referred to the New Red Sandstone or Triassic. 

 It was afterwards proved that our great beds of Gypsum m 

 Nova Scotia and Cape Breton were of Lower Carboniferous 

 ago, and that only certain small quantities of Gypsum as at 

 Blomidon and Five Islands were of Triassic age. We brcikfast 

 at Carlisle. 



31, We leave Carlisle, cross the border, and are in 

 Scotland. We recall to mind the first time when we crossed 

 the border, in 1843. We were travelling to Carlisle iu the old 

 mail coach, and sitting beside the driver. liefore crossing the 

 line, he said to me, *' You are in Scotland." Immediately 

 after, " You are in England." Now, however, no one indi- 

 cated the exact line. It would have been no easy matter to do 

 80, as we could not even make out the names of the stations 



