72 



GIANTS AMD PIGMIES. 



and other aquatic plants, its probable food. Associated with 

 it, is the mabtodon, another member of the same family. It is 

 called mastochm on account of the nipple-shaped tubercles 

 ariangod in pairs on the crown of the molar teeth. The two 

 incisors of the upper jaws formed long curved tusks as in the 

 elephants. This seems to be the first appearance of this 

 pachyderm. We shall again and again have occasion to refer 

 to mastodon in the sequel. Hippopotamus is here met with as 

 in Ejypt, and of the same character, very similar to the sea- 

 horse of the Upper Nile. These had the Rhinoceros as an 

 associate similar to the Rliiuoceroa africanus. Europe and 

 Africa seem to conform at this time in the character of its 

 Pachyderms. The Walrus, Seal and Dolphin were European 

 cotemporaries. The mode of occurrence of the Cetacea seems 

 to be decidedly antagonistic to the " iheory of Whale Evolu- 

 tion," which considers them to liave been originally land 

 mammals who took to the deep and underwent a process of 

 devolution by which they were transformed, to their existing 

 constitution. Prof. Flowers of the British Museum is the 

 chief advocate of this theory. He kindly invited me to his 

 Lecture on this subject delivered in the Royal Institution 

 during the Fisheriei^ Exhibition. I must confess that I was 

 taken by surprise, as the subject was altogether new to me and 

 incomprehensible. We have indicated a great difficulty in the 

 way of the acceptance of this theory, viz., the question of 

 cotemporaneity, if not precedence, to the Coryphodon eocemis, 

 vide No. 42 and the Biblical Record. 



f ■^ 



45. Geological sequence necessitates a return to Suffolk 

 and Norfolk, to the crags of Pliocene age. Vide our trip to 

 the Broads of Norfolk. (Nos. 36, 37, 38). At Southwold in 

 Suffolk we have " mastodon in crag." This mastodon is a 

 species auip.istidens ; narrow toothed. It is a third less in 

 size than the mastodon glganteus or ohioticus, and much lower 

 in the legs. We will be able to judge of the dimensions of 

 the one when we meet with the other on the west side 

 of the Atlantic. (No. 54). We have already referred to the 

 sea-shells of the Norwich Crag. Another striking character- 



