74 



0IANT8 A\n PiaMIBS. 



46. At Clacton in Suffolk, on the shore is a post-pliocene 

 formation overlying the Crag. It is a " fresh-water deposit, 

 containing shells and mammalian remains." This or a similar 

 deposit may have produced an elephant's tooth which I pur- 

 chased from a collector in Ipswich. This tooth is in a state of 

 decay and with difficulty held together until it was saturated 

 with gelatine. It is in the museum. " When Cuvier first 

 Announced the presence of remains of Elephants, Rhinoceroses 

 and Hippopotamuses in the superficial unstratified deposits of 

 continental Europe, ho was reminded of the elephants that 

 were introduced into Italy in the Roman wars and afterwards 

 more abundantly, with the strange quadrupeds of conquered 

 tropical countries, in the Roman triumphs and games of the 

 amphitheatre." He therefore appealed with peculiar satisfaction 

 to the discovery of similar fossils in the British Isles, to the 

 origin of which the hypothesis of Roman or other foreign 

 introduction within the historical period could not be made 

 applicable. When Sir Hans Sloane disinterred an elephant's 

 fossil tusk out of gravel, 1 1 feet below the surface in Gray's 

 Inn Lane, and obtained molars from the county of Northamp- 

 ton, some considered them to have belonged to the identical 

 elephant which Caesar was said to have brought over to 

 Fngland. Dr. Buckland observed that the remains of these 

 Elephants are usually accompanied in England, as on the conti- 

 nent, by the bones of the Rhinoceros and Hippopotamus, 

 animals which could never have been attached to Roman armies. 

 The naturalists, Neville and Molineux, made known the exist- 

 ence of fossil molar teeth of elephants in the county of Cavun, 

 Ireland, where the armies of Caesar never set foot. When the 

 remains are compared with corresponding parts of the Indian 

 and African eleplmuts the dissimularity is very obvious. Owen 

 figures and compares the lower jaw of a young mammoth dis- 

 interred from a Pleistocene bed near Yarmouth in the county of 

 Norfolk, with that of a young Asiatic elephant, clearly showing 

 the difference. Woodward, in his Geology of Norfolk, sup- 

 poses that upwards of 2000 grinders of the mammoth have 

 been dredged up by the fishermen of Happisburg in the space 

 of 13 years. The oyster-bed was discovered here in 1820, and 



