82 



GIANTS AND PIGMIES. 



■with those we have another interesting pachyderm, the Fossil 

 Horse, Eqnus curoidens (curved tooth). We have already 

 noticed the Eocene Hippothere in Mayence, France. We shall 

 again meet with Eqitus ciirvp/ens in the Western Hemisphere. 

 A formidable enemy of the mammoth was the (Ireat Cave Bear 

 — vrsus spi'Jaeus. We know this monster particularly as the 

 Cave Bear of France. Of this there are vertebrae and other 

 remains in our museum. These were a gift of my hite lamented 

 friend and confrere of the Soci^te Geologique de France, the 

 Marquis de Kaincourt. Of that Cuvier says *' The size of it 

 must have equalled that of a large horse " It is considered to 

 have surpassed in size all existing bears, even the Arctic or the 

 great white bear, with the possible exception of the Grizzly 

 Bear of America. lelis Cat us, the ancestor of our domestic cat 

 and Mas muncuhis, the mouse, which differs only from our 

 common mouse by a slight superiority of size, were British 

 contemporaries of the mammoth. 



61. I have yet to direct attention to two worthy associates 

 of the mammoth in Great Britain, known as Cervus Elpphas, 

 and Megaceros Hibernlcus, The former known as the Red 

 Deer, and the latter as the Great Irish Elk, make their appear- 

 ance With the mammoth in the Newer Pliocene drift (Pleistocene) 

 and fresh water deposits, and also in caves. The Red Deer sur- 

 vived the other two, and is to be found in the " Alhivium." 

 Owen observes : " The chain of evidence of the existence of this 

 species of deer in Britain, from the pliocene tertiary period to 

 the present time, seems to be unbroken. This, at least, is 

 certain that a deer, undistinguishable by the character of its 

 enduring remains from Cervus Ehplios, co-existed with the 

 Megweros, the spelaean (cave) Hyaena, the ticliorhine Rhinoceros 

 and the Mammoth, and has survived as a species, those 

 influences which appear to have caused the extinction of its 

 gigantic associates." The late Dr. Warren, Curate of St. Paul's, 

 Halifax, lent to the Museum a largo and interesting fragment of 

 ar antler of this doer species, found at Brighton. Mrs. Warren 

 afterwards kindly presented it as a memorial of her husband. 

 It measures in length eighteen inches. Its circumference at 



