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Dbcbmbkb 25, 1919. 



The Florists^ Review 



MILDEW ON SWEET PEAS. 



Please state what is the best remedy 

 for mildew on sweet peas and tell us, 

 also, what cultural methods should be 

 used in order to prevent future recur- 

 rence of the trouble. S. F. C- 



Sweet peas are especially liable to be 

 attacked by mildew in late fall, if they 

 are subjected to cold drafts, or if the 

 temperature and general atmospheric 

 conditions are not closely watched. Di- 

 rect drafts or a sudden drop in temper- 

 ature, with a damp atmosphere and no 

 artificial heat, will spread the trouble 

 fast. A suitable temperature is 45 de- 

 grees at night until the flower buds show. 

 After that the heat may be increased to 

 50 degrees, with a rise of 8 or 10 de- 

 grees on cloudy days and 10 to 15 de- 

 grees on clear days. Besides regulat- 

 ing the temperature and ventilation 

 carefully, it may be necessary to apply 

 sulphur to the heating pipes as a means 

 of checking the disease, but an exces- 

 sively strong dose of sulphur will injure 

 the flowers. 



TO PREVENT BUD-DROPPING. 



I have a house of sweet peas that are 

 dropping all their buds. Is there any- 

 thing that I can do to stop this? Last 

 fall I had no compost and so used good 

 top soil, mixing in a liberal amount of 

 sheep manure and bone meal. When 

 they began to grow, I gave them an 

 occasional dose of sheep liquid. They 

 have grown well and are six or eight 

 feet tall, perfectly clean and with long 

 flower stems, but the buds turn light 

 yellow and drop off. A. H. — Conn. 



Your sweet peas are dropping their 

 buds for either one of two reasons, pos- 

 sibly both. You may have given them 

 an excess of nitrogenous manure, which 

 produces a heavy, soft growth that does 

 not hold buds in the winter. Or the 

 dropping may have been due to a pro- 

 tracted period of cloudy weather. Three 

 to five days of such weather, unless the 

 growth is well hardened, will drop a 

 crop of buds. Experiments have shown 

 that by running the plants quite dry 

 at the roots, beginning early in the fall, 

 it is possible to harden the growth 

 to the point where it produces short- 

 stemmed flowers continuously until the 

 end of February. Long-stemmed flowers 

 and vigorous growth are to be had 

 only at the expense of some bud-drop- 

 ping, even in normal winters. When 

 the sun fails to show itself for three 

 or four days, some growers begin to 

 drop the temperature until it gets to 45 

 degrees at night. Keeping the air cool 

 overcomes to some extent the weaken- 

 ing effect of the dark weather, allow- 

 ing the plants to conserve their energy. 



During favorable weather the day tem- 

 perature is kept at 60 degrees on cloudy 

 days and 65 t<y 70 degrees in sunshine. 

 The further you get into winter, the 

 less water should be applied. 



TREATMENT OF SWEET PEAS. 



My sweet peas are dying at the roots. 

 They shrivel up and turn brown where 

 the stalk comes through the ground. Do 

 you think that some worm might be at 

 the roots? W. C. H.— Pa. 



have been dying off; some die when 

 small and some after they have grown 

 four or five feet high and have bloomed. 

 Please tell us what is the matter with 

 these plants. S. F. C. — O. 



The plants as received show no trace 

 of disease. The growth appears to have 

 been checked through lack of moisture 

 at the root. If a large proportion of the 

 plaints are in this condition, they should 

 be thrown out, for no amount of treat- 

 ment will bring them into profitable 

 growth. Early sowings must be care- 

 fully watched to prevent their getting 

 into this condition. The large plants 

 should grow along vigorously at this 

 date; if grown on a solid bed, be sure 

 the soil is moist to a depth of eighteen or 

 twenty inches. If they continue to die 

 off during the winter, the soil should 

 not be used next season for early sowing. 



G. J. B. 



This trouble with your sweet peas 

 may be due to some worm, but more 

 probably to an unsuitable condition of 

 the soil. If the soil is at all sour, I 

 would suggest scattering some air-slaked 

 lime along the rows; scratch it over the 

 surface and water it in. This will also 

 act as a deterrent to soil pests. Do not 

 keep your plants too warm; 45 degrees 

 at night is about right until the flowers 

 are ready to open; then advance to 50 

 degrees. Ventilate freely, but avoid cold 

 drafts. On dark days let the tempera- 

 ture run up to 56 or 58 degrees before 

 ventilating. To fill the blanks, sow more 

 seeds in sand or small pots and trans- 

 plant them. C. W. 



SWEET PEAS TOO DRY. 



We are sending under separate cover 

 some sweet pea plants, together with the 

 soil in which they were planted. They 



^'-^ SHASTA DAISIES. ^ «.— ..^ 



When should field clumps of Shasta 

 daisies be planted in a carnation tem- 

 perature to have them in bloom for 

 Easter, also for Memorial day. 



E. A. E.— 111. 



I have not found Shasta daisies a suc- 

 cess for Easter, but if you try them, 

 the clumps, left outdoors until they 

 have had several good freezings, should 

 be lifted and stored in a coldframe 

 or pit. Place the clumps in your carna- 

 tion temperature about January 10 and 

 water carefully to prevent damping off. 

 They will do better in a raised bench if 

 you have it. For Memorial day start the 

 plants about March 15. You are fairly ■ 

 certain to get a nice crop from Shastas 

 started at this date, but I do not con- 

 sider that Shasta daisies are at all com- 

 parable with yellow and white mar- 

 guerites, planted in benches or beds, for 

 a Memorial day crop. You can secure, 

 should you wish, cuttings of the latter, 

 planting them out in January or Feb- 

 ruary if you have any vacant bench 

 space. C. W. 



is'fotion and 



Legdi Decision: 



F. O. B. CLAUSE IMPORTANT. 



The law is well settled that, as be- 

 tween the seller and buyer of goods to 

 be shipped by rail, the risk of freezing 

 or other deterioration in transit is to 

 be borne by one or the other according 

 to any express or implied agreement as 

 to where delivery was to be made. A 

 sale f. 0. b. place of shipment imposes 

 the risk on the buyer unless there is 

 special agreement to the contrary. A 

 sale without mutual understanding as 

 to where delivery is to be made is pre- 

 sumed to have been made under in- 

 tention that shipment to the buyer as 

 consignee should pass title, the carrier 

 being regarded as his agent and not the 

 shipping seller's. A sale f. o. b. desti- 

 nation places the risk on the seller, noth- 

 ing appearing to the contrary in the 

 agreement. 



But, elementary as these legal prin- 

 ciples are, the courts are still daily 

 called upon to adjudicate cases involv- 



ing them. For example, just the other 

 day the Appellate Division of the New 

 York Supreme court passed upon a case 

 where perishable goods were sold f. o. b. 

 Chicago for shipment to New York. The 

 buyer received and retained the bill of , 

 lading, but when the goods arrived and 

 were found to have been frozen in tran- 

 sit, he returned the bill of lading 

 to the seller and refused to re- 

 ceive or pay for the goods. The court 

 holds that title had passed to the buyer 

 and "such deterioration in transit fol- 

 lows the title in the consignee." 



But the rule, that a delivery to a rail- 

 way company at the place of shipment 

 passes title to the buyer where the 

 agreement does not manifest intention 

 of the parties that the seller is to deliver 

 at the destination, carries with it, by im- 

 plication, an understanding that the 

 seller is to properly bill and pack the 

 goods. He will be liable, ordinarily, for 

 losses due to improper or insufficient 

 packing, etc. 8. 



