24 



The Florists* Review 



NOVBMBIB 25, 1020 



person, and it was read by one of those 

 present. 



Florists' Exhibits. 



Adjournment was made at 10:30 to 

 permit the iiisjicction of the flower 

 exhibition, which filled the entire sixth 

 floor of the building. Exhibits were 

 sent in by out-of-town florists, although 

 the Memphis members furnished the 

 majority of the blooms. They also fur- 

 nished display space free to outside mem- 

 bers wishing to enter a display. Roses, 

 chrysanthemums and carnations were 

 much in evidence. 



All the blooms and plants were loaded 

 into trucks Thursday afternoon, Novem- 

 ber 18, after the exhibition, and dis- 



tributed as a gift from the association 

 among the various hospitals of Memphis. 

 This act of gQnerosity was much ap- 

 preciated by the public. 



Banquet. 



Shortly after 1:00 p. m. the florists 

 assembled for a trip to the greenhouses 

 of Memphis and the city parks. The 

 entire afternoon was spent in this way, 

 and the local greenhouse methods were 

 studied with much interest by visiting 

 florists. 



Upon their return from the tour of in- 

 spection, the delegates found an appetiz- 

 ing supper awaiting them at the Hotel 

 Chisca. The banquet started at 6:30 and 



lasted until 8 o'clock. Several hundred 

 guests were present. Music and brief 

 talks by various florists followed and a 

 merry-making party was formed to 

 attend the Orpheum theater. 



To judge from the expressions of 

 prominent delegates, the convention was 

 the most successful in the history of the 

 association. There was something doing 

 every minute of the time, from the mo- 

 ment the meeting was called to order 

 Thursday morning until the last tired 

 delegate went home Friday night, or 

 perhaps more properly Saturday morn- 

 ing. For their first experience at en- 

 tertaining a convention, the Memphis 

 florists made an excellent showing. 



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X COOLING FLOWERS 



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MECHANICAL BEFBIGEBATION. 



Safe Medium for Florists. 



There are several refrigerating me- 

 diums; namely, ammonia, sulphur diox- 

 ide and carbonic gas. On account of 

 its absolute safety, combined with its 

 high efficiency, carbonic gas is the most 

 suitable for the florist. 



Carbonic anhydride, commonly called 

 carbonic gas, is absolutely neutral to- 

 wards plant life, human life, food prod- 

 ucts and all materials. This same gas 

 is used for carbonating beverages and 

 is used in connection with all soda foun- 

 tains. It is the cheapest refrigerant 

 and is sold in all parts of the world. 



Carbonic gas is odorless, nonexplosive 

 and noninflammable. It cannot become 

 a source of danger to human, plant or 

 animal life. Unlike other refrigerants, 

 it does not become a menace in time of 

 fire; quite to the contrary, it is a fire 

 extinguisher. 



Refrigeration is directly the opposite 

 of heating. It is utilized for the absorp- 

 tion of heat. Mechanical refrigeration 

 is the process of reducing or keeping the 

 temperature of a body or substance 

 below the temperature of the atmosphere 

 without the use of ice. In order to re- 

 duce such temperature, it is necessary 

 to employ a medium of lower tempera- 

 ture which will absorb the heat. 



Not Complicated. 



To many it may seem tliat mecliuiiical 

 refrigerating ajiparatus is a rather com- 

 plicated combination of macliinery. 

 This, however, is not the case. With a 

 well designed modern equipment there 

 are only two mechanical units neces- 

 sary, the conijiressor and the power unit, 

 which may either l)e electrical or steam 

 driven. 



The j)laiit consists of compressor, 

 motor and carbonic anhydride conden- 

 ser. The cooling medium is transmitted 

 through the piping coils which are placed 

 in the upper part of the refrigerator anil 

 a i>ortion of these pipe coils are placed 

 in the brine tank, also in tlio upper jiart 

 of tlie refrigerator. The tank of brine 

 maintains tlie temperature when the re- 

 frigerating machinery is not in ojiera- 



Part of .on ndrirt'ss by F. I,niitPii!Jcli!iiiipr. of 

 KroespIiPlI Itros. Co.. ("Iiicngo, ontitlod. "Ilciitiiit; 

 and Coolini; .'Systoms," di'livcrcd ;it tlio :niiiiial 

 mepting of tlip Tonnessop Statp Fiorisls' Asso- 

 ciation, .Tt Jlcmpliis, Tpiih.. Nov.'inln r 17, llCJll. 



tion. It will surely be of interest to 

 explain the cycle of operation. 



Cycle of Operation. 



The cycle of operation of refrigera- 

 tion is the compression, liquefaction and 

 evaporation of the carbonic anhydride. 

 The refrigerating plant comprises three 

 parts: 



1. A compressor in which gas is com- 

 pressed. 



2. A condenser in which warm com- 

 pressed gas imparts its heat to cold 

 water and liquefies. 



3. Expansion coils in which the liquid 

 carbonic anhydride expands into its 

 original gaseous state, thereby absorb- 

 ing heat and performing the refrigerat- 

 ing work. 



In order to make the operation con- 

 tinuous, the three parts are connected, 

 the charge of carbonic anhydride origi- 

 nally put into the machine being used 

 over and over, going progressively 

 though the process of comjiression, con- 

 densation and evaporation. Thus only 

 a small quantity of gas is required to 

 replace any losses. 



Bating of Machines. 



Refrigerating machines are rated in 

 the tons of refrigeration produced if 

 operated continuously for twenty-four 

 hours. One ton of refrigeration is the 

 amount of cooling produced by the melt- 

 ing of one ton of ice. This is equivalent 

 to 288,000 British thermal units. 



It is not necessary to operate the 

 compressor in a refrigerating plant 

 twenty-four hours per day, as a com- 

 pressor of good capacity ))erforms the 

 work during a shorter period of time. 



The power required to operate the 

 compressor varies from approximately 

 one to one and three-fourths horsepower 

 per ton of refrigeration, depending upon 

 the size of compressor, temperature of 

 condenser water and work to be done. 

 Refrigerating machines may be operated 

 by any available power; namely, steam 

 engine, electric motor, gas f^ngine, etc. 



Usually Less Expensive. 



Mechanical refrigeration is far more 

 economical than the use of ice. In prac- 

 tically every case where the refrigerat- 

 ing space amounts to 500 cubic feet <ir 

 more, it is cheaper than ice. The follow- 

 ing figures may be relied upon to deter- 

 mine the cost of operation. From tliis 

 table anv florist can estimate the cost 



of operating a refrigerating machine. 



For example: A 4-ton machine requires 



G kilowatts, at a cost of 3 cents per 



kilbwatt hour. It will cost 18 cents per 



kilowatt hour to operate this plant. 



To the figures stated must be added the 



cost of water, oil, etc., which is a small 



item : 



Tons of Kilowatts 



refrigeration Horsepower required 



for '1\ liours reijuired for motor 



1 ton 2 1.71 



2 ton 4 3.43 



3 tou 6 6.14 



4 ton 7 6 



5 ton 9 7.7 

 ton 10.4 8.9 



7 ton 11.7 10 



8 ton 12.9 11 



9 ton 14 12 

 10 ton 15 13 



As stated before, absolute temperature 

 control may be insured at any point de- 

 sired. The following temperature range, 

 however, is recommended: 



Ferns and greens Freezing for storage. 



Carnations 48 to 50 degrees. 



Hoses 44 to 50 degrees. 



Orchids 50 to 55 degrees. 



SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLOBISTS. 



Committee Meeting. 



In Cleveland, at the Hollenden hotel, 

 Wednesday, December 8, at 9 a. m., 

 there will be a meeting of the national 

 flower show committee. 



The liorticultural interests of Cleve- 

 land and vicinity have been invited to 

 attend a general conference later in the 

 day, at which time the members of the 

 national flower show committee will ex- 

 plain the method of procedure in ar- 

 ranging for such an important undertak- 

 ing as the fifth national flower show, 

 and at the same time explain how these 

 interests can cooperate in the work to 

 the fullest extent. 



In the evening, Thomas Roland has 

 consented to address the growers. 



Thursday, December 9, there will be 

 a meeting of the national publicity com- 

 mittee, and plans considered for the fu- 

 ture conduct of the national advertising 

 campaign. It will be decided at this 

 meeting what action to take in regard 

 to those delinquents who have failed to 

 make good their subscriptions. Several 

 other matters of importance will be sub- 

 mitted for consideration. 



John Young, Sec'y. 



Oklahoma City, Okla. — J. W. Burrow 

 h.is erected a $.'3.3,000 greenhouse on his 

 Itjncre tract. He specializes in bulbs. 



