26 



Th^ Florists^ Review 



Kkbbuaky ». 1022 



r 



tlie B. t. u. value of tlic (ixcd cjirhoii 



ill the coal from the total lieatiiifj value 



of the coal, the heatiii}i; value of the 



volatile matter will be the result, which 



reduced to B. t. u. per pound of volatile 



matter will show that thin element \ aiies 



tjreally Jii different coals. 



("arlerville. Williamson comity, 111., 



co;il shows tin- followiiifj analysis: 



Moisture 9.18% 



Volatile mutter 27. 80% 



Kixed carlion ri.'>.40% 



.Vsh X.129;, 



H. t. u. per lb 12,015 



It therefore aj)pears tli.-il the fixed 

 c.-irbon in the coal is 55.4 X 14,500-: 100, 

 or 8,033 B. t. u. l)er pound of coal. Then 

 the B. t. u. value of the volatile matter 

 is ]2,0]5-8,<):{.''., or :!,9H2 B. t. u. per 

 pound of coal. Dividing by the percent- 

 age of volatile matter in the coal gives 

 the li. t. u. value of the vohitile matter 

 jter jioiind of volatile matter, or 14,568 

 B. t. u., In this in.stance the volatile 

 matter has about the same heating 

 value per pound as the carbon. 



It is obvious that in a coal showing 



a B. t. u. value equal to carbon or 



greater the volatile matter in the coal 



must of necessity be higher than carbon. 



Ash. 



Next to the net, or available calo- 

 rific value, ash content is tlic most im- 

 l)ortant factor in the commercial value 

 of coal. 



The efliciency of combustion ordinar 

 ily decreases with the increase of ash. 



There is also an additional expense 

 for handling the fires and disposal of 

 the ash, with an incidental increase in 

 the amount of combustible lost through 

 the ash pile. 



Low ash percentage offers less resist 

 ance to the j)assage of the air and its 

 distribution throughout the fuel bed. 



The greater the ash content the lower 

 the elliciency and capacity of the boiler. 



The ash in the coal is loss and should 

 be ligiired in jioiinds i)er ton. 



Combustible Matter in Ash. 



A certain amount of combustible mat 

 tt-r will always ]»ass through the grate 

 liars ;ind be found in the ash. This will 

 <'oiistitute an additional item of loss. 



The amount of such loss will vary 

 ^ijcatly, using tlie same coal, with the 

 ■ lifi'crent methods of firing, the charac 

 tcr of the gr.ate bars and the compe- 

 tency of the fireman. With different 

 coals, other v:triable elements in tiddi 

 tion will be the character and quantity 

 "(' the ash. 



I'lider the best conditions this loss 

 in the asli ni.ay be as low as one per cent. 

 Ill ixtr(>me conditions it may go as high 

 :i< twenty j)er cent. The average of 

 scsciity sc^fi tests at the St. Louis sta- 

 tion of the geological survey showed 

 icHir .'iiid nine tenths jter c(>nt, in which 

 .ixcr.-ige the range was from :\ minimum 

 of l.(i.S j)cr cent to a maximum of 18.88 

 jier cent of the coal consumed. Tiiese 

 tests covere<l almost every variety of 

 co.al iindor f.air ojierating conditions. 



It is safe to say that the lower the 

 ash. the less cleaning and slicing of the 

 fires will be retpiired and the less loss 

 of coiiibusfible with the ash will result. 



Sulphur and Oxygen. 



The sulphur content of the coal is ex 

 ]>ressed in the heating value of the 

 coal for such hetit as is developed by 

 the burning of the sulphur. Such por- 

 tion as is lost is included in the asli .-ind 

 is there deducted as loss. 



Oxygen in coal is a diluent and ren- 

 der^ itiefTect i\-e an eqii.il combining 



weight of hydrogen, ciirbon or sulplr.ir. 

 A compiirison of numerous boiler tests 

 by the buretiii of mines shows that the 

 boiler efliciency drops its the oxygen con- 

 lent increases. 



-Much hiis been stiid tibout the lo><s 

 from oxygen content ef coal. In a 

 proximiite tinalysis, the ox.vgen present 

 is expressed in the volatile nuttter and 

 moisture, in whatever form it may exist, 

 iind affects the heating value of the 

 volatile matter, this v;ilue decreasing 

 !is oxygen increases. 



Proximate / nalysis. 



To determine, from pn xiniiite iinaly- 

 sis, total loss in the cousum]ition of coal, 

 add to the loss from moisture in potinds 

 per ton, determined ticcording to the 

 fornuilii given above, tlie total weight 

 of ash in pounds jier Ion ••iiid also the 

 , /total weight of conibuslilile found in 

 ^--the ash in pounds per ton of cotil used. 

 Tlie net available iioiinds of fuel from 

 one ton of coal will be the difference 

 between 2,000 and the totiil lo.ss deter- 

 mined. 



The .•iccompiinying tiible gives the 

 estimated loss ;ind net available weight 

 per ton of coal from various coals as 

 shown by analyse-* from the United 

 States geologiv-:il survey bulletins, but 

 in the net resnlts.no account has been 

 taken tif the loss of combustible in the 

 iish.- The table shows the available fuel 

 value, but the ultimate results will de- 

 pend njioii the efliciency obtiiined in 

 the heating systerfi. 



The great variety of conditions ex- 



isting in heating systems would make it 

 impossible to formulate more than gen- 

 eriil rules for methods of firing. It has 

 been observed that jdontical installa- 

 t ions will require different treatment in 

 order to obtain the highest efficiency. 



THE DAVIS BROTHERS. 



When operations tire conducted on so 

 extensive a scale as those of the Davis 

 brothers, who hiive won fame through 

 their large and modern vegetable forc- 

 ing establishments, it iti difficult for 

 any save those on the inside to keep 

 them strtiight. It is pointed out by one 

 on the inside that two or three state- 

 ments in the article regarding the J. W. 

 Davis (^o., iit Tcrre Haute, Ind., in the 

 issue of .lanuary 26 were misleading. 

 J. W. Diivis was never interested in 

 the greenhouses at Ottawa, Streator or 

 Ktinkiikee, 111., or Glendale, Cal., and 

 only recently in the company at Joliet, 

 111. In only one corporation are all 

 four brothers interested. There are nine 

 entirely separate corporations, in which 

 one or more of the brothers are inter- 

 ested, together with other persons in 

 each, and each company is independ- 

 ently organized and managed. Various 

 niiikes and styles of greenhouses are 

 used in the ranges of the nine companies. 

 The liirgest single building is one 86x 

 900 feet, at Ottawa, 111. 



Oswego, 111. — ^A. L. Treman litis sold 

 his^reenhouses. He is planning to open 

 !i new business in :i new location. 



^^^ll^ty?All^|^l^lXS^W841l>»Jl«<JlvS/JlVS/JlX^ 



SHOW SHIFTED 



4>rtr«viri«viri«vir/svii«viivs>(iii«\ir«\ii^«xiii«viri«vii)«^ 



SHOW TO INDIANAPOLIS. 



Cleveland's Mayor Obdurate. 



After continued efforts for several 

 weeks by Cleveland florists to induce 

 their mayor to recede from his deter- 

 niination not to open the new public au- 

 ditorium before comjiletion, which would 

 be tibout the middle of April, Itick of 

 success made it necesstiry to shift the 

 jilace of the fifth national flower show, 

 since those in charge deemed it unwise 

 to change the dtites. Indianajiolis h;is 

 been selected, and the big cxliibition will 

 be held there March 25 to Ajiril 1 in the 

 Manufticturers' building and Convention 

 11. -.11 building. 



Summons for ji mass meeting of In- 

 dianajtolis florists was sent out by Irwin 

 I'.ertermann, A. F. J. Banr and Joseph 

 Hill. A hirge number assembled iit the 

 (li.'imber of Commerce Tuesday, Febru- 

 .ny 7, !it 2 ]i. m., to indicate to the 

 nationttl flower show committee thtit the 

 Indianapolis trade would heartily sup- 

 port the exhibition and provide for its 

 .iirangeinonts if held in that city. The 

 following members of the ntitional 

 flower show committee were present: 

 (ieorge Asmus, S. S. Pennock, Herman 

 I'. Knoble, John Young, Joseph II. Hill. 

 .1. J. Hess, W. 11. Duckhatn. Frank H. 

 Traendly and A. F. J. Baur. 



Bertermann Heads Local Committees. 



Irwin B(>rterinann was made chairmtin 

 of the loctil committee on iirriingements. 

 With him will serve Oscar Carlstedt, T..en 

 Kbler, W.'ilter Berternitinn, Homer Wie- 



gaiid, (ieorge Wiegiind, E. E. Temjierley, 

 II. W. Hieman, L. E. Hitz, Fred Heiiil, 

 lliirry llobbs. Earl II. Mann, O. E. Btein- 

 kamp, Clarence K. (Jreene, Fred H. 

 Lemon and O. K. Owen. Complete com- 

 mittees were to be appointed later. 



The Indian.apolis florists are enthu- 

 sKistic o\-er the idea of holding the big 

 exhibition in their city. They have the 

 support of the state itnd city iiuthorities, 

 the t'haniber of Commerce Jind the local 

 jiress. No changes in the jilans for the 

 exljibition, further than that of location, 

 tire mtide. The schedule iind premiums 

 will be as already arranged. It is ex- 

 pected that the show will be of the same 

 magnitude as it would have been at 

 Cleveland. 



Tuesday evening, February 7, the In- 

 diiinti State Ilorists ' Association held 

 its regular meeting at the store of the 

 Smith & Young Co., at Indiantipolis, and 

 tli«^ evening was almost comjtletely de- 

 \oted to discussion of the show iind ar- 

 r;ingements for it. The members of the 

 national flower show committee were 

 present ;it this meeting tilso. 



Secrettiry John Young will esttiblish 

 .111 office jit Indianapolis February 21. 

 ill Ihe Chamber of Commerce. Until 

 tli.it time information concerning the 

 show may be nbt.ained from him tit his 

 .N'ew York tiddress or from Irwin Ber- 

 ternianii or Osctir Carlstedt, of Inditin- 

 .•ijiolis. 



A meeting of the committee chairmen 

 will be h(dd Tnesdtiy, February 14, at 

 tlie lndian;i]i<)lis Chjimber of Commerce, 

 to jieifect pitins for the exhibition. 



