ANTIIU8. 



153 



outer four quills, the fifth heiiig abruptly shorter. To this Ik long 

 A. luiloricidnux, and tlio Kuropcan Hpinoli'Ua, uhxcuriix, prulrnxis, 

 iiiid (rrvinus. In a si'cond section, of which there appear to be no 

 Aiiifricun repreHentalivcs, the tip is formed by the outer three 

 rciitluM's only, and to it belong arhoreuH, campextrix, and rirhardi. 

 KuL'li of tiieso has been made the type of a genus : Pijxixtus, A(jro- 

 doma, and Cori/dalta, rcKpectively, of which the latter has priority 

 of (lute. A. arboreua has the hind claw rather shorter and inoiu 

 curved than the rest. 



All the American species of Titlark that I have been able to see, 

 oxc('iiting Anthiis ludovicianuH, appear to belong to (piite a diflerent 

 type from the European. First among them is the northern Aeo- 

 airiftt, much like typical Anthus in the long pointed wings, and the 

 outer four primaries abruptly longer than the 5th, but dilTcriiig in 

 considerably shorter tail, and longer legs, which actually reach the 

 tip of tail instead of falling considerably short of it. Most of the 

 South American species again, while most nearly related lo Neovorifs 

 iu these respects, differ from both Neocorys and Anlhun in the less 

 pointed wings. Here again there are two sections, one with the tij) 

 of the wing formed by four primaries (Noliocori/H) ; the other {Pvdio- 

 corys), in which five primaries enter into this tip, the whole wing, 

 the inner secondaries especially, apparently unusually broad ; of 

 this last a specimen from Quito (30,912), doubtfully referred to 

 A. hogotensis of Sclater, may be considered the type, and to it 

 belongs another species from Uraguay, which I have not attempted 

 to identify, as I cannot make it agree with any described species. 



Properly, however, to define the characters of the American Tit- 

 larks will require a more complete series of the species than I have 

 at present access to, and for the present I merely indicate the sections 

 above named. If, however, Neocurys be retained as a genus, in dis- 

 tinction from true Anthus, 1 cannot well avoid considering the South 

 American forms as again different, and to leave the whole question 

 on a basis for further investigation, I propose to make use of all 

 thetie names in a subgeneric sense only. 





' f 



a. Anthus, Bechst. 



Authu:^ ludovicianus. 



Alauda ludoviciana, Om. S. N. 1, 1788, 793. — Anthug ludoidcianus, Light. 

 Verz. 1823, 37 ; also of Audi'bon & Bonaparte. — Baihi), Birds N. 

 Am. 1858, 232.— CouEB, Pr. A. N. S. 1861, 220 (Labrador).— Sci.atkb, 

 P. Z. S. 185G, 29G (.Cordova).— 1b. Catal. 1861, 24, no. 153.— Sou 



