WTTT' 



154 



REVIEW OF AMERICAN BIRDS. 



[part I. 



ft . : 



J.. 





f^Bf 



& Salt. Ibis, 1859, 9 (Guatemala).— Jonk8, Nat. in Bermuda, 1859, 



29, autumn. — Blakihtun, Ibia, 1862^ 4 (SaskatL-hewau). 

 Alauila rubra, Gm. ; Alauda rufit, Wil». ; Antltus spinolettu, Bon., Am, ; 



Alauila jienusi/luanivu, Bkibb. ; f Alauda penmi/lvanica, Bonn. Kncycl. 



Meth. I, 1790, 319. 

 fMvincilla huhonka, Lath. Ind. Orn. II, 1790, 503. — Vieillot, Encycl. 



MetU. 11, 1823, 447. 

 Anthus pennsylvanita, Zanpeb ; Anthus aqnnticus, Acd. ; Anthus pipiens, 



AuD. ; Anthus ruheiis, Merrem. ; Aiilhus reinhardtii, lliiuiuLL, Fauua 



QroBnland, (ed. Paulsen), 1846, 25 (Greenland). 

 Figures : Aud. B. A. Ill, pi. 140.— Ib. Oru. Biog. I, pi. 80 — Wilson, 



V, pi. 89. 



Hah. Whole of North America; Greenland ; Bermuda : south to Orizaba, 

 Guatemala, and even Peru? Heligoland, Europe. {(Jiilke). Not noted in 

 West Indies. 



Ill spring the colors are purer than in autumn ; the upper parts 

 more grayish-brown, especially on the head and nape, lacking almost 

 entirely the autumnal olivaceous. The reddish tinge of the under 

 parts seems peculiar to the spring dress. The bill and legs also 

 appear blacker than in autumn, and the dark streaks on the breast 

 more confined. The shade of color of the under parts in autuninal 

 specimens varies considerably from whitish to fulvous, as does also 

 the size of the spots. Cape St. Lucas specimens are smaller. 



An Atilhus labelled A. rupestris {obscurun), from Greenland, is 

 not appreciably dift'erent from true ludomcianus; the legs being 

 paler merely than in some specimens, and agreeing exactly in this 

 respect with others. The markings of the tail are precisely the 

 same. As the obacurus is not recognized by Reinhardt as a Green- 

 land bird, and the ludomcianus {reinhardtii of HolboU) is said to 

 be common, I presume there is an error in the label. 



This species has a very wide range, extending over the whole of 

 North America, and probably far into South America, as there arc 

 specimens in the museum of the Phila. Academy from Peru, whicii, 

 in their somewhat defective condition, I am unable to distinguish 

 from typical ludovicianus. A single instance is recorded of its 

 occur 'ence in Europe ; namely, in the island of Heligoland, in the 

 North Sea, where Herr Giitke has found so many stragglers from 

 America and Asia, many of them unknown in other parts of Europe. 



Specimens are in the collection from various localities througlioiit 

 the United States, from the Atlantic to the Pacific const, as also 

 from Moose Factory, Rupert House, Grosvater Bay, Lal)ra(ior, Fort 

 Good Hope, Fort Simpson, Fort Rae (not received from the Yukon 

 or Fort Anderson). Others are as follows: — 



