■^ • •v'' 



4 -■■' ,», 



442 



REVIEW OF AMERICAN BIRDS. 



[part I. 



still more diiferent : the more distinct dark transverfie waved linos 

 extend over the whole nnder surface from chin, except about the 

 anal region ; the upper parts almost continuously ochrey hrowii ; 

 tilt' black eye stripe indicated only by rather dusky ears ; the wliito 

 at base of primaries nearly or entirely wanting; the white at end 

 of tail feathers more restricted. Every grade of coloration between 

 these extremes is to be met with. 



As usual in American birds, the more boreal specimens are de- 

 cidedly tlie larger. The species probably does not breed within the 

 limits of the United States, except possibly in the northeri»i)ortiuns 

 of the mountain regions ; but in winter it is found over the entire 

 breadth of the country to quite a southern latitude. 



LaniuH major, Pallas, Zoog. Rosso-As. I, 1831, 401, and Key- 

 SERLINU & Blasius, Wirb. Europas, 1, 1840, Ix, and 193, from North- 

 eastern Europe and Siberia, judging from the description, appears 

 to resemble ftoreaZis in size and other characters; the dark inner 

 webs of the secondaries ; the diminished amount of black anterior 

 to the eye ; the whitish rump, and the waved lines of the under 

 parts, as well as in having the tarsus shorter than the gape. The 

 rump, however, is said to be waved transversely with dusky, and 

 the eyelids to be white, as in excuhitor, not black. 



The differences in color of C. borealis from ludovicianiis and 

 excubitoroideti are shown in the preliminary diagnoses. The bird 

 is stouter in form, with proportionally longer bill, and decidedly 

 shorter tarsi. The tarsi are considerably shorter than those of 

 excubitnroides. 



Specimens examined, fifty-three. The more important localities 

 are the following: — 



(27,312.) With OBB». (707 ) 9.80; 14. 50; 4.30. (39,369 } 10.20; 14.80. 



