rger cities, 

 ke Kazan, 

 ), we find 



ly were at 

 •rted from 

 )rnamental 

 una, how- 

 opics. He 

 lebec, and 

 ht at that 

 ;ural inter- 

 and upon 

 ; and yet 



,\ • J.^. •■, ■ ' < 



the British 



: Gardens : 



.Iways is a 



>re, Hong 



land, Tas- 



which I 



Also in 



East and 



iead the 



the library 



that it is 



enormous 



iw special 



exchange 



ill begin 

 eak less 

 ■le good 



work. Our Universities do not neglect the science of Botany. 

 We have some fair collections of trees, some Horticultural 

 Gardens ; but our Government has never seen the need of 

 expenditure upon Botanic Gardens, as have the Governments 

 of the European powers, * and the Governments of r'her 

 British Colonies. That this great Dominion of Canada, 

 which stretches from the Atlantic to the Pacific, should be with- 

 out a Botanic Garden, or a series of such gardens, is a fact with- 

 out parallel in British Colonial history. 



On the European Forestry plantations I must say a few words. 

 The planted districts in France we did not pass through, but we 

 obtained some idea of their method of work by visiting the Forest 

 School at Nancy. That work one may get some idea of by reading 

 their reports now in the Montreal Horticultural Society's library. 

 In Germany we were continually passing extensive plantations of 

 Scotch Pine {Pinus silveslris), bordered with Norway Spruce {Abies 

 excelsd). The Germans are most economical in the use of wood, 

 so that Pine so extensively planted must ere long become an 

 article of export. But where are the hard woods needed for a 

 thousand different purposes. Strange this exclusive planting of 

 one species. So well are the forest plantations of Wurtemburg 

 cared for, that the term " high culture " could with justice be 

 applied to them. Evergreens are easily and cheaply propagated 

 in the climate of Germany, and hence the method of planting 

 adopted is that of close crowded planting, which of course, neces- 

 sitates continued thinning. . ;,' ,-., : 



In Russia the Government controls, in fact " works," a large 

 proportion of the forests of the Empire. Of natural and planted 

 forest the Government held in 1878 what is equal to 351,780,000 

 acres, exclusive of Siberia, besides about 51,590,000 acres of scrub 

 at the far North. In 1878 they received from these forests an 

 income of 10,648,000 roubles, and expended on new plantations, 

 and working expenses, 6,400,000, leaving a profit for the year of 

 4,248,000 roubles, or about ^2,124,000. The extent of the plan- 

 tations in Russia I cannot state. I know, however, that in three 



