s far North 



gardens of 

 Fall, grown 

 5 should be 



in central 

 hence we 

 be the 

 )lanced by 

 of a high 

 estminster 



hardy in 

 nsitive to 

 lit in dry 

 tts coast, 



ward this 

 Russia, 

 Reutlin- 

 than an 

 ?e is al- 

 lindens, 

 all par- 

 lindens, 

 ry Euro- 

 afolia is 

 ht trunk 

 trade in 

 variety, 

 isswood 

 ck bark 



81 



trade, and consider it a destructive industry. Soon some other 

 material will have to be found for peasants' shoes, rope and mat- 

 ting. 



Of other varieties, Nigra, which we saw in the Munich 

 Botanic Gardens, struck me as being a good tree, with dark, glossy 

 leaf. The vttt/olia, of the American nurseries, has a good leaf, 

 but I did not see it in Europe. So has dasystyla. Grandifolia and a 

 host of others have foliage too thin for our dry air. Begoniae/olia 

 is not variegated enough to be ornamental, not in dry weather. 

 Aspenifolia is a great curiosity, leaves torn and slashed irregularly, 

 folded and indented, with scarcely two leaves alike ; quite hardy at 

 Proskau ; fairly hardy at Riga. This is sometimes noted as dis- 

 secta. 



Of the ivhtte leaved lindens, the American, which I have noted 

 as a native tree as far north as the Hennepin Islands in Minneso- 

 ta, is spokea of at Riga as the hardiest tree, and the largest tree. 

 I believe it is rather erect in growth. The Hungarian, known 

 there as pannonica (I suppose the tomentosa of Messrs. Simon- 

 Louis) is not as hardy, not as erect in growth, more bright in 

 color, more ornamental. Further south, at Vienna, in the 

 Botanic Gardens, we find a variety marked heterophylla, of Ohio 

 and Mississippi, 1 2 inches in diameter, semi-upright, more bright 

 and white in foliage than the T. Argentea of Hungary alongside. 

 The white leaved European lindens we did not see in the very 

 severe climates. The alba of Hungary has not proved hardy 

 with me at Abbottsford, still less so the alba pendula which win- 

 ter kills at Riga. So we had better try the northern forms of the 

 American white lindens. 



>v ULMUS-Elm. . 



' In Europe they have overlooked the grandest of all American 

 trees, the white elm, a tree that thrives in climates even more 

 severe than St. Petersburg and Moscow. 



The campestis is not indigenous at St. Petersburg, as I had 

 said, nor is it hardy there, but Effusa is. In the southern part of 

 the Government of Moscow, both effusa and montana are found 



