32 



The Florists' Review 



May 21, 1914. 



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Part of the Range of Furrow & Co., at Gutlirie, Oklahoma. 



tity iiinl Jr('(|iuMir_\- in wati'riiij^ cIcju'IkI 

 on tlu^ ;jrail(' nl' Miinl in use. J''(ir in- 

 stain'i', after jiiantiiiL; ciittin^is in tlic 

 saml olitainalilc near Mol)ile, Ala., which 

 is line anil rallu'r soft, one jiood Avator- 

 inu suiliceil to I'oot tiiein. In that neigh- 

 iiorliood fii'i|Ui'iit sprayint^s firo danjiei- 

 ous, as the ail' is liea\y with Inimiility. 



Bruises that Cause Stem-rot. 



l-'iinL;ii> in tlie f(jrni- ol' stemiut is, 

 according: to my oliser\ ation. less con- 

 tajzious than the form wliich canses tlic 

 I iittinLis to damp off in the lieinh. Stom- 

 rot si'ems to set in at the joint or at any 

 harked i>oition of the stem below or 

 jiist aliont the soil line. When the cut- 

 ting has heeii liaiked or torn, the wonnd 

 may seem to heal, ami frequently does, 

 liut (dten liy ojiening this thin hark 

 ^vhirh has fornieij you will ol>ser\e tliat 

 heneath it there is a brown, l>uli>y sjxit. 

 'rhou,i;li plants tlius all'ecteii max' not 

 manifest stiMii-rot foi' some time, they 

 eventually must, but if i-omlitions/are 

 liot at om-e fa\oralile to the de\(do]' 

 merit of this fun^zous spot, nmnths may 

 jiass before the disease can eat throu^zh 

 enough oi the stem to alVect the jilant. 

 After the fungus has s|iread, the ]ilant 

 liber in the j)ortion of the stem just at 

 the soil line will turn brown and jmlriy; 

 then the ]dant will smldenly wilt. J-^onie 

 plants may only jiartly wilt, perhaps a 

 branch or two, and the rest (d' tlie 

 jiLint i/iav i:ro\v on lor months and 

 often the eiitiri' season. Here and tlitue 

 you will find w lieic little breaks lia\'e 

 started below the decayed [lortion. 



Experiments with a Fiuigicide. 



Several plants which were alfected 

 with steni-iot only in part xvere caie- 

 fully sciaped; e\-ery ]>articlr of the r(d 

 w a> cut away. Some (d the jilants were 

 XI 1 a r Lione as to m.ake it iie<'essaiv to 

 i-ul away two-third- of the stem. After 

 this was cliiiM'. Ihr wound was bathed 

 \\itii an e\c-eci|inL:ly stroriL; solution ot' 

 .•immiiniai a I rarbonate of copper. I'i- 

 n.'illy more than half of the plants oNcr- 

 '■anie the t'liMLin-. ( )f course, this Would 

 not be a prulitable thitii: to ilo. 'j'he 

 ex|)eriuient wa- carried on for the ]iur- 

 pose oi' learninL; the importance of this 

 s(dution in jire\enting the funiius. 



This sdlutioii is amunij the best for 

 Use in lloi iciilt ure ; it i;. easy to prcjiaro 

 and is one of the cheapest fiingicidea 

 known. To make this funuiciile to ail- 

 vantatie, u-e ;i cheniii-al bottle haXini; a 

 ca]iacit,\' of four (|uarts; into this jiour 

 three (uiT'ces of <arbonate cd' c-ojipci' ami 



one <inijTK>*l ammonia; coik .-iikI shake 

 \ i;:orously. This anujunt will be enough 

 to make twenty to thirty gallons of 

 -pr.'iying solution. The bottle should be 

 kejit corked; this will keep the solution 

 iihlelinitely. When small quantities are 

 wanted, measure the liquid with a chem- 

 ical glass, and make sure that tlie cor- 

 rect dilution is made, which is approxi- 

 mately one to 100 parts of water. The 

 solution into which cuttings are thrown 

 :is they are trimmed is about half this 

 strength. 



In Frame, Field and Greenhouse. 



When tlie cuttings are rooted they 

 shouhl be potted and placed in cold- 

 frames. After they are established, antl 

 before planting them out in the li(dd, a 

 spraying or two of fungicide will aid 

 ill iire\enting rust or attacks of other 

 diseases. These plants make surprising 

 growth by the time they should be 

 liou:«i'd, which will be during August or 

 the liist part of September. After tliey 

 lia\e been two or three weeks in the 

 house and ha\e become xvell established 

 there, they slicuild lie gone o\tU' by ex- 

 ]ieiienced lielii for the purpose of iemo\- 

 iiiL: all dry izrass; this work should lie 

 done with c.-ire, so that tlie plants will 

 not be 1 arked. .\fter this has been 

 done, ;i thoroujzh spraying of the car- 

 bonate of copper -olution should be ap- 



plied and repeated three or four times 

 in as many weidvs. Plants thus treated 

 should not, at least, niauifest grass dis- 

 eases throughout the winter. 



Thrijis somidimes jirove troublesome 

 during the months of Aiiiii and May, 

 when they breed on outtioor llowers, but 

 these pests can be kept at bay by per- 

 sistent spraying or fninigating; spray- 

 ing is much preferable. 



lu closing this statement of my opin- 

 ions, fouudeil on my jiersonal exjierience 

 as a southern grower, 1 wouhl add that 

 the carnation can be made excee<lingly 

 lu'ofitable throughout the south, but we 

 lirst must have men who will make it a 

 study, and who will not confound north- 

 ern ideas with southern ones. 



F. ]'. Ad;ims. 



CARNATIONS IN THE SOUTHWEST. 



The extent of the carnation plant 

 business in that section of the country 

 is shown in a general way by the accom- 

 panying illustrations, which present 

 \ lews of -the tract of land given to 

 these plants by an Oklahoma firm. Fur- 

 row & Co., of tnithrie. One picture 

 shows part of the range and of the 

 tract in the vicinity of the greenhouses; 

 the other suggests the extent of the 

 planting. 



THRIPS AND OTHER PESTS. 



I am sending you under separate 

 <over some carnation buds and I wish 

 you would tell me what is the matter 

 with them. You will notice that two of 

 the buds look as though they had been 

 scalded. The scalded ajipearance is con- 

 lined nuistly to the w liite and light pink 

 varieties. The other buds, as you will 

 see, are eaten, and this is done mostly 

 when the buds are small. The soil in 

 which they were grown was one-third 

 ;:reen cow manure and two-thirds gar- 

 den soil. They have not been fed to 

 any extent. We have kept them rather 

 on the dry side. Some stem-rot has de- 

 vtdoped, but not to a serious extent. 

 There is and has been a little green 

 aphis. The scalded buds have been 

 noted occasionally ;ill winter, but the 

 eaten buds have only been noted within 

 three or four weeks. 



Six weeks ago we put some shelves 

 al)ove the benches, and jilaced there 

 Hats lit seedlinizs. Wr- tried to ariaii"*- 



Carnations by the Acre on an Oklahoma Grower's Tract. 



