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OCTOBKB 7, 1916. 



The Florists' Review 



81 



speak of. Why some men feel they 

 have to shade the mum houses, I have 

 never been able to determine. When 

 the plants are set out, instead of being 

 shaded, they should be kept as light 

 as possible and given all the ventila- 

 tion possible, with tops, sides and doors 

 open. Then the growth made will be 

 short-jointed and stocky, and, in most 

 cases, the plants will throw the buds 

 at the proper time. 



All other conditions being equal, if 

 W. F. H. had grown his mums without 

 any shade, he would not now be la- 

 menting having only terminal buds. 



C. H. Totty. 



FUNGOID DISEASE ON MUMS. 



I am sending under separate cover a 

 few chrysanthemum leaves. They are 

 attacked by a disease every year, caus- 

 ing death to some plants and loss of 

 foliage in the tops of nearly all the 

 plants. Is it an attack of leaf-miner 

 or a fungoid disease? What should I 

 do to be rid of the trouble? 



W. E.— Ky. 



The trouble is not leaf-miner, but a 

 fungoid disease, caused, in part, by 

 the hot, moist weather we have been 

 having and by the fact that the plants 

 are growing too closely, preventing 

 proper admission of light and air 

 through the rows. This fungus first 

 appears as brown spots on .the surface 

 of the leaf, and gradually spreads until 

 the whole leaf turns yellow. It is dif- 

 ferent from rust, because rust, while 

 it appears in brown spots, is raised 

 above the surface of the leaf and 

 emits spores like brown powder, which 

 can be rubbed off on the fingers. 

 Spores of the leaf-spot are not so con- 

 spicuous, although they appear in great 

 numbers. Leaf-spot will spread rapid- 

 ly through the whole house if condi- 

 tions are favorable for its development. 

 The best remedy for fungoid disease 

 is to pick off the affected leaves as 

 far as possible without injuring the 

 plant or destroying its appearance. 

 Then spray the plants on the under side 

 of the leaves with Bordeaux mixture, 

 Fungine or any other solution contain- 

 ing sulphur. This spraying will kill 

 the spores and prevent the disease 

 from spreading. The atmosphere of 

 the house sh<^d be kept as dry as 

 possible, and the plants tied so as to 

 secure light and air through the rows. 

 When the plant makes a natural ripen- 

 ing of the leaves due to the wood hard- 

 ening, it does no harm, for this natural 

 hardening occurs only where the plants 

 have been set out early, and conse- 

 quently are making a hard stem. This 

 is easily distinguished from leaf-spot. 



Chas. H. Totty. 



HYACINTHS FOR CHEISTMAS. 



For several years Dutch bulb growers 

 have been devoting considerable atten- 

 tion to the preparation of hyacinths for 

 early forcing, by submitting them to 

 treatment which will bring them into 

 bloom at or before Christmas. The 

 bulbs are lifted early, before the leaves 

 have died off, and are then kept for 

 two or three weeks in a temperature of 

 about 80 degrees. The treatment varies 

 for the different varieties; some of the 

 early-flowering sorts are best suited by 

 a rather lower temperature and do not 

 need quite so long a period of treat- 

 ment, but the late varieties, as a rule, 

 require a high temperature and a pro- 



WiUiam F. Snyder's Seedling Peppers and Geranium. 



tracted stay in the hot room. In fact, 

 each variety has to be made the sub- 

 ject of special study, and to be treated 

 in exact accordance with its require- 

 ments. The least inaccuracy of ob- 

 servation might lead to failure, which 

 partly explains why the treatment is 

 not yet of general application. After 

 the expiration of the warm period the 

 bulbs are removed to a cool place, where 

 they remain until the end of August 

 or beginning of September, when the 

 bulbs are potted. 



The exhibition of prepared bulbs 

 held at Haarlem, Holland, in December 

 was the fourth show of its kind and 

 proved to be a remarkable advance on 

 any of its predecessors. Hyacinths 

 were shown bearing as fine flowers as is 

 usual in March. 



A few varieties have always been 

 acknowledged to be excellent for early 

 forcing, even without special treatment, 

 such as L 'Innocence and General 

 Pelissier. Since the special treatment 

 has been discovered, however, several 

 varieties have come to the front which 

 had for years been neglected. In the 

 light of the results of the recent show 

 the best white hyacinth is considered to 

 be Arentine Arendsen. It has a large, 

 round spike, with well-arranged, plump, 

 snow-white bells. L 'Innocence was 

 also in first-rate condition, and other 

 good whites were Hein Roozen, La 

 Grandesse and Christmas White. 

 Among shades of carmine General 

 Pelissier was of the deepest color, 

 other excellent flowers being Garibaldi, 

 a glowing carmine, and Mrs. Stanley, 

 almost the same color. Charles Dick- 

 ens was the best pale pink. Lady Derby 

 was a good bright pink, Victor Em- 

 manuel a deep rose, Nimrod soft rose, 

 and Maria Cornelia rosy-white. Of the 

 early blues Bismarck was the best, the 

 color being clear and the spike large 

 and well shaped. Grand Lilas, Schotel, 

 and Captain Boyton were all fine porce- 

 lain blue varieties. It is thought that 

 in the course of time growers will be 

 able tc offer bulbs prepared for early 



flowering with some assurance of suc- 

 cess. 



SNYDER'S SEEDLING PEPPER. 



A variety of ornamental pepper that 

 is a decided advance on the celestial 

 pepper in size and quantity of fruit 

 or berries is announced by Wm. F. 

 Snyder, of Hopkinsville, Ky. It is a 

 seedling of the celestial pepper. For 

 the benefit of Eeview readers, Mr. 

 Snyder has sent a photograph of the 

 original plant and several smaller ones, 

 which is reproduced herewith. In re- 

 gard to them Mr. Snyder says: 



"The large plant in the center is the 

 original, a seedling of the celestial pep- 

 per, and out-fruits it two to one. The 

 plant is almost covered with the bright 

 red fruit. The large plant, which is 

 just eighteen inches high, has 182 ripe 

 berries, many green berries of various 

 sizes and a number of blossoms. The 

 smaller sizes, in 4-incb pots, have ripe 

 berries in proportion. The fruit stands 

 out above the foliage, as may be seen 

 in the illustration. Above the large 

 plant is a branch of the celestial pep- 

 per, which affords a comparison of the 

 size of the fruits." Mr. Snyder plans 

 to disseminate his new pepper in the 

 spring of 1916. 



In the center of the foreground is 

 a promising seedling geranium raised 

 by Mr. Snyder. It is of the zonale 

 type, and is described by him as quite 

 dwarf and a profuse bloomer. The 

 petals are almost white, with a de- 

 cided ring of scarlet around a scarlet 

 eye. It is well adapted for bordering 

 beds of taller varieties, particularly 

 Michel or other scarlets. According to 

 Mr. Snyder, the old plant, in an 8-inch 

 pot, at one time this summer bore 

 twenty-seven umbels of open flowers, 

 which almost covered the plant. 

 Plants in 2^-inch pots frequently have 

 three and four umbels. Not any of 

 the leading varieties grown by Mr. 

 Snyder compare with it in blooming 

 qualities, ho says. 



