hit 1 mptrud Impiniance. 9 



Inlands, the home of venturesome Canadian fisliennen. The 

 coast of New Brunswick, which forms tlie western boundary of 

 the Ljulf, is indented l>y several hays, one of which — the liay 

 des Chaleurs, so named by the French navigators in the early 

 days of New France — is one of the most pictures(jue estuaries 

 and the most proliHc iishing-oroumis of the continent. In this 

 bay, and on the coasts of (Jape Breton and Prince Kdward 

 Island, the American fishermen during this century have 

 dragged up fish to an enormous value. But leaving the (iulf 

 of St, Lawrence and passiuL^ around the southern coast of Nova 

 Scotia, we come to the Bay of Fundy, which is a great arm of the 

 sea, bounded on the north by the province of New Brunswick, 

 and having a small portion of the United States teriitory o[)posite 

 to its southern headland. Tiiis bay is celebrated for its tides, 

 which rise to the height of seventy feet, and rush into the bays 

 and harbours that indent the coasts with remarkable velocity. 

 One of the headlands (Blomidou) has been immortalized oy the 

 poet Longfellow in his exquisite poem on a sad episode itj the 

 history of the province of N ova Scotia, which forms the southern 

 boundary of the bay. As in the days of the Acadian farmers of 

 Grand Pre, 



Pleasantly gleams in the soft sweet air the 



Basin of Minus. '^ 



All the valuable fish to be caught in North America frequent 

 this arm of the sea and the waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 

 These are the great Hshing-grounds so long envied by the fisher- 

 men of New England. 



Now, it is admitted that the hirgest quantities of fish are 

 found within three marine miles from the coasts and bays of the 

 maritime provinces. It is clearly shown by all authorities on 

 international law, judges who have interpreted that law, or 

 statesmen who have negotiated treaties, that every nation has 

 the right of exclusive dominion and jurisdiction over those 

 I3ortions of its adjacent waters which are included by " promon- 

 tories " or headlands within its territories. Accordingly, Gre-\t 

 Britain has always maintained that the three marine miles from 

 the coasts, bays, and creeks of her possessions must be measured 

 from the headlands or entrance of such classes of indents. But 

 this correct assertion of the territorial and maritime jurisdiction 

 of the Dominion of Canada, as a section of the British Empire, 

 is extremely unpalatable to the United States, since it shuts 

 them out practically from the fishing-grounds to which they 

 attach the most importance — from the Bay of Chaleurs, for 

 instance, and other parts of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where the 

 most important inshore fisheries exist. In their anxiety, then to 



