1887. | MICROSCOPICAL JOURNAL. 11 
long distance, the projection eye-pieces of low magnifying power, such as 2 
or 3, are to be preferred. For Be ea with a short camera, however, 
the higher ones should be used. 
O 
PASTEUR’S LATEST REPORT.—M. Pasteur, on Nov. 2, submitted a report 
to the Paris Academy of Sciences on the results obtained from treating hydro- 
phobia by inoculation during the past year. The report is divided into three 
parts—statistical, on modification of his former methods, and results of fresh 
experiments. 
1. Up and to Oct. 31, 2,496 persons were inoculated by him, and at first 
treatment was the same forall... Of this number, 1,726 were from France and 
Algeria, 191 from Russia, 165 from Italy, 107 from Spain, 80 from England, 
57 from Belgium, 52 from Austria, 22 from Roumania, 18 from United 
States, 14 from Holland, others from Europe, 3 from Brazil, and 2 from 
British India. Of the 1,700 French patients, apart from 2 who arrived too 
late, 10 only succumbed, whereas, of the small minority not treated, 17 died 
in the same period, while, for the last five years, the average in the Paris 
hospitals alone was 11. Last year it arose to 21, but since November, 1885, 
when the Pasteur system was introduced, only three died, two of whom had 
not been inoculated and the third had been imperfectly treated. 
2. Led by the case of the 19 Russians bitten by one mad wolf, one of whom 
died while under treatment and two shortly after, Pasteur has modified his 
system, and substitutes for the milder treatment, using only 14-5 days’ virus, 
virus of 43 or even two days’ standing. To the repeated treatment, with 
stronger virus, should be attributed the recovery of the remaining 16 Russians, 
who are reported to be still in excellent health. Led on by these results, 
Pasteur has modified his treatment, making it still more rapid and active for 
bites on the face. In such cases inoculations are hastened. Thus, on day 
of arrival, virus of 12, 10, and 8 days will be used at 11, 4, and g o’clock; on 
the second day that of 6, 4, and 2 days at the same hours; on the third day, 
virus of 1 day ; on the fourth day, virus §, 6, 4; fifth day, virus 3 and 2; sixth, 
1 day; seventh, virus of 4 days; eighth, virus of 3 days; ninth day, that of 
2, and tenth day that of 1 day. This system, lately brought into operation, 
has met with excellent results. 
3. With regard to fresh experiments on dogs, an objection to the inocula- 
tion of human beings, after being bitten, might be raised on the ground that 
the immunity of animals treated before being bitten had not been sufficiently 
demonstrated after that undoubted infection by the virus. In reply to this 
objection, M. Pasteur points to the immunity after trepanning and _ intra- 
cranial inoculation with the virus of ordinary street rabies. Trepanning is 
the surest method of infection, and its effects are constant. The first experi- 
ments on this point, dating from August, 1855, had but partial success. They 
were resumed during the last few months, with certain modifications, which 
produced the best results. The vaccination is begun the day after inocula- 
tion, and proceeded with rapidly, the series of prophylactic virus being all 
administered within twenty-four hours, and even a shorter period, and then 
repeated once or twice at intervals of two hours. The failure of Dr. Frisch, of 
Vienna, in experiments of this kind is due to the slow process of vaccination 
adopted by him. Success can be secured only by the rapid method here 
described. The immunity conferred under such conditions is the best proof 
of the excellence of this method.— Nature, 35, p. 30, 1886. 
THE COAGULATION OF BLOOD.—Some recent experiments on the coagula- 
tion of blood have led to surprising results, which may prove to be of great 
importance in microscopical investigations. Blood can be kept for days in 
