Ag THE AMERICAN MONTHLY (March, 
do not appear to have much effect on these forms. On gradual cooling sev- 
eral forms were observed to sink. These forms withstood a prolonged cooling 
to 1°, but exhibited changes which, after 2-3 days, led to a reascent. (d) 
Movements in the water due to wind caused the sphzrozoa to sink ; the di- 
rection of the wind, e. @., the sirocco, had a marked influence, which is 
discussed in detail. Certain currents also influenced the distribution to a 
noteworthy extent. (e) Dr. Brandt’s observations are, on the whole, against 
any periodicity in the development of the Spherozoa. (5). The geograph- 
ecal distribution.—The derivation of these forms from the Atlantic, their 
absence in colder seas, etc., are then discussed. (6). Phosphorescence.— 
The Spherozoa are phosphorescent, but not with great intensity. The cen- 
tral portion alone is illuminated. The oil-globules are regarded as the seat 
of the process. (7). Parasites and ‘ Inqutlinen.’—Colonies of myxo- 
sphera cerulea frequently contain a living amphipod, Hyperza, also Cope- 
poda and Appendicularie ; living diatoms also occurred in young Collozoa. 
III. Development and reproduction.—(1). Dzviston of the colony seems 
certainly to occur, but Brandt was not able to observe the mode of formation 
of collozoum chains supposed to occur by Haeckel and Hertwig. (2). Déviston 
of the tndividuals was observed only in young vegetative colonies, and not 
in the older or in reproductive forms. (3). Swarm-spore formation. (a) Tso- 
spores. Hertwig’s observations are generally corroborated, the main differ- 
ence consisting in Brandt’s denial of the statement that the whole mother 
organism is resolved into the spores. The greater part of the cortical sub- 
stance is left behind and breaks up. The isospores of all Sphzrozoa are said 
to have two flagella. (6) The formation of an antsospore is distinguished 
from the above by the occurrence of groups of nuclei in the individuals, by 
the differentiation of the nuclei, and by the distinct macrospore and micro- 
spore nuclei. The anisospores differ further in their more or less bean-like 
shape, in their difference of size, in the character of their nuclei, and in the 
absence or peculiarity of crystal. The anisospores have much less reserve 
material than the isospores. The extra-capsular changes are essentially simi- 
lar. The cortical substances again break up; the yellow cells persist as be- 
fore. (c) Alternation of generations. According to Brandt, all the Sphe- 
rozoa have two modes of reproduction. In seven out of ten species the two- 
fold method has been demonstrated. *The Sphzrozoa exhibit an alternation 
of generations, as in alge and fungi. He believes that from the union of the 
sexually dimorphic anisospores a fused mass will result, which will produce 
isospores. He has not, however, observed the conjugation of the anisospores. 
(4). Extra-capsular bodies only occur in young colonies, which contain a 
few individuals. They always exhibit a more or less striking resemblance to 
the incipient stages in the intra-capsular formation of anisospores. They 
arise by budding from the individuals; are refractive and without granules, 
but often with an oil globule, usually with a fatty mass, and always with:a 
nucleus. Some extra-capsular bodies have not been observed in Collospheri- 
dz, but in young forms a somewhat similar phenomenon occurs. In some 
cases these budded bodies are normally modified into anisospores. In other 
cases they simply become individuals. In Collospherids this reproduction 
within the young forms always results in rapid multiplication of the indi- 
viduals. In Sphzrozoa anisospores sometimes are formed, though it is quite 
likely that in the latter, also, the extra-capsular bodies may often form indi- 
viduals.. (5). Development. Five phases in the life-history are distin- 
guished :—(i) the swarm-spore, (ii) the young vegetative phase, (iii) the 
young reproductive phase, with formation of extra-capsular bodies, (iv) the 
older vegetative phase, (v) the older reproductive phase, with formation of 
isospores and anisospores. In the vegetative phases the nuclei are homoge- 
