206 THE AMERICAN MONTHLY [ November, 
than for his microscopic objectives, which were then coming more into favor. 
Mr. Grunow was favorably known to a large number of physicians, but not 
to the world of amateurs that was then being slowly evolved. 
Finally, the very useful and ably-edited journal ceased to be published. Its 
business management was bad, and the dates of publication were rather un- 
certain. Then came the present journal to take its place. It was successful 
from the beginning; for the interest in microscopy had been aroused and 
would not readily subside. Meanwhile the Bausch & Lomb Optical Com- 
pany had been formed, and no words of ours are needed to tell how, by strict 
business principles and careful attention to details in manufacturing their 
goods, they have succeeded in establishing upon a solid basis the extensive 
business they now control. Mr. Walmsley’s extensive trade has also grown 
almost entirely since our first number was printed, a fact that is largely due 
to improvements in the manufacture of stands by the Messrs. Beck. 
These few words will indicate how rapid and satisfactory the progress of 
microscopy has been and how closely identified with it this JouRNAL has 
been. If, on the one hand, the wide circulation of the JoURNAL has spread 
abroad a knowledge of what the microscope reveals in the common objects 
around us, and thus directly encouraged the sale of microscopes and opened 
the way to large business enterprises, the dealers, with but a single very 
notable exception, have, in turn, liberally aided the publisher and made that 
success possible. Indeed, it may be truly said that the advertising pages of 
this JOURNAL have been and are a reliable index of the prosperity and enter- 
prise of the dealers in microscopical goods in the United States. 
But one other reminiscence and we will pass to another subject. The lenses 
of Carl Zeiss, now known all over the world, have gained their greatest repu- 
tation within eight years. We may go back a little further and find occasional 
notices of Prof. Abbe’s work, but certainly very little was known in America 
of the principles he had applied to the construction of objectives at the time 
this, JoURNAL was established. We now have homogeneous immersion lenses 
in every working laboratory, and the apochromatics are an improvement upon 
them. 
Coming down to the present, without further reference to what has been, 
the reference to the new objectives calls to mind the matter of eye-pieces, for 
projection, a subject that has already been brought forward in these columns. 
But it is still new and important. It will be remembered that the late Dr. 
Woodward was the first to apply an amplifier in photomicrography in such 
a manner that it would preserve the correction of an objective and materially 
increase the magnification. Prof. Abbe has devised a projecting ocular which 
enables an object to be sharply defined, over a comparatively large field, with 
a short camera. This is far better and more convenient than the amplifier, 
and the problem that Dr. Woodward long desired to solve has at last been 
successfully mastered. The new ocular would seem to be an extremely 
valuable accessory to all who are engaged in photography with the micro- 
scope. 
While upon this subject we may refer to a form of camera recently described 
by Gottlieb Marktanner-Turneretscher in Photog. Correspondenz, which 
presents some points of novelty. It is attached to an upright, German stand. 
The bottom is made of two boards hinged at one side, the lower fitting over 
the body-tube and sustaining the weight of the camera; the other, of the 
same size, forming the true bottom of the pyramidal camera. The focus and 
illumination are first adjusted by turning the camera over to one side, as pro- 
vided for by the hinges, when the ocular projects above the lower base- 
board. This is a great advantage for rapid work, and when the new oculars 
are applied the device would seem to be most excellent. When an exposure 
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