12 HARRY H. LAUGHLIN 



other countries and is now used the world over. The German Congress of 

 1911 was held under the auspices of the International Society for Race 

 Hygiene, of which Dr. Alfred Ploetz of Munich was the president, and of the 

 German Society for Race Hygiene, of which Professor M. von Gruber, also 

 of Munich, was president. The exhibits of the Dresden Congress were 

 assembled and organized by Professor von Gruber, who again showed 

 many of them in London, in 1912, at the First International Congress of 

 Eugenics. The scientific papers and exhibit of the Dresden Congress aimed 

 to give a survey of the entire field of race-biology and -hygiene. Among the 

 lecturers Pontus Fahlbeck, Professor of Statistics at the University of Lund, 

 Sweden, discussed the eugenic meaning of the decline in birth rate. Dr. 

 Hans Breymann, Chairman of the German Biographical and Genealogical 

 Bureau spoke about the need of cooperation between genealogists and 

 physicians in family-history. 



(b) National Conferences on Race Betterment 



Two important conferences were held under the auspices of the Race 

 Betterment Foundation; the First National Conference on Race Betterment 

 at Battle Creek, Michigan, June 1-6, 1914; and the Second National Con- 

 ference on Race Betterment at San Francisco, California, in connection 

 with the Panama-Pacific Exposition, August 4-8, 1915. 



It was one purpose of these conferences to develop popular interest in the 

 role of sound heredity in good health and in personal achievement, and to 

 work out a practical "Eugenics Registry" which, after adequate pedigree 

 study, would record the hereditary make-up of each person registered. 



STATISTICAL SUMMARIES ON THE THREE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSES OF 



EUGENICS 



While congresses and exhibits of the sort herein described depend for 

 their success primarily upon the voluntary and active collaboration of a 

 large group of persons seriously concerned with the development of the 

 science, the particular sponsorship, the membership, and the financial 

 aspects of each congress are practical matters of vital importance. 



The actual money outlay of such a congress depends largely upon (1) 

 whether voluntary work of sponsor institutions can replace a paid organiza- 

 tion; (2) the policy of the congress in reference to entertainment and 

 traveling expenses of delegates; (3) leadership of the congress; (4) the 

 "scale" on which the congress is planned; (5) the minimum cash actually 

 needed, and the activity and efficiency of the finance committee; (6) the 

 "times" — whether the economic feeling be "good or depressed"; (7) time- 



