HEREDITY IN PSYCHOSES 419 



Of the grandparents on the father's side, the grandfather 11.37, was a 

 strange man, fussy, exacting and tyrannical; in his later life he was addicted 

 to alcohol. Towards the end of his life he was treated in a mental hospital. 

 The diagnosis was vecordia (paranoia). 



A brother of the grandfather II . 32, was an exceptional man with peculiar 

 ideas; a sister 11.35, was considered as very eccentric; she remained un- 

 married all her life, suffered from shyness, avoided people, had strong pride 

 of family. 



It is not difficult to recognize in this family the constitutional family 

 characteristics of dementia praecox. 



The grandmother on father's side 11.18, was treated for melancholia. 

 She was, as mentioned, the sister of the grandmother on the mother's side. 

 Two other sisters II. 19, and 11.21, showed the manic-depressive constitu- 

 tion. Going still further back, — thus from the great-grandparents of pro- 

 bandus — also the father, 1.5, the grandfather on the parents' side was 

 treated in a mental hospital; he suffered from melancholia. 



In the family of the grandmother on the father's (and thus also on the 

 mother's side) manic-depressive psychoses appear, and other members of 

 the family show the manic-depressive constitution. 



The grandfather on mother's side II. 16, was mentally normal. Among 

 his brothers and sisters and their children psychoses also occur; the family 

 relationships, however, are not fully known here. 



Also the collateral lines of the father's and of the mother's family, uncles 

 and aunts, brothers and sisters yield data for heredity, which correspond 

 to those which we found in the case of direct descendants. 



The heredity in the family of the probandus gives complete explanation 

 for the appearance of the various psychoses in the probandus and his broth- 

 ers and sisters and of the complex construction of the psychoses in the case 

 of some of them. 



On the side of the grandfather on the father's side, the schizophrenic ele- 

 ment, the dementia praecox, and on the side of the grandmother, both on 

 the father's as well as on the mother's side, the manic-depressive element 

 appears. By their complex construction we have to understand the psy- 

 choses as combined psychoses. 



We do not find a proper detrimental influence of any consanguinity. We 

 have to deal with a combination of hereditary factors for disease. 



Of a second case of consanguinity in the same family, the psychosis of one 

 of the family members is likewise to be explained by means of our knowledge 

 of the heredity in the family. 



III. 46, the brother of the father of probandus, is married to his niece 



