THE EXHIBIT 509 



mates, next a series of enlarged models illustrating the evolution of the 

 upper and lower premolar and molar teeth from the oldest known mammals 

 to man; another exhibit deals with the history of the jaw muscles. 



In Case VII B the "Elements of the Nervous System" are set forth. 



Wall Chart 7 depicts the "Rise of the Human Brain," comparative views 

 of the brains of a structurally ascending series of vertebrates. 



Case VIII attempts to give an outline of the "Brain and its Functions." 

 It begins with the shark as representing a type of animal in which sensory 

 stimulus is typically followed by an immediate and direct bodily response, 

 in contrast with man in which the response is usually conditioned by ideas 

 and general control is vested in the neopallium. 



COLLABORATION OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



The Third International Congress and Exhibit of Eugenics, in 1932, like 

 the Second in 1921, was held in the American Museum of Natural History, 

 New York City. This institution furnished an ideal setting because of the 

 great part which the Museum has played in restoring the correct history of 

 the evolution of man, both his long geological history and the archaeological 

 record of his struggle upward during recent millennia. All anthropological 

 exhibits of the Museum were thrown open to the visitors to the Eugenics 

 Exhibit. Thus the Museum's permanent exhibits on man's evolution were 

 closely articulated with the current Eugenics Exhibit on man's present 

 trends in race and capacities, and on the technique of his own purposeful 

 control of his own future racial and family-stock evolution. In a folder 

 prepared by the Museum for the use of the delegates to the Third Interna- 

 tional Congress of Eugenics there appears the following statement, "Noth- 

 ing that pertains to the biological history of man or to the conditions of his 

 racial progress or retrogression is foreign to the Third International Congress 

 of Eugenics." This folder lists also the arrangement of exhibits in the 

 Museum, particularly in the Hall of the Age of Man. 



The first section of the Hall of the Natural History of Man devoted to 

 "Introduction to Human and Comparative Anatomy" recently completed 

 by Dr. William K. Gregory was quite appropriately opened concurrently 

 with the opening of the Eugenics Exhibit. 



The Museum's exhibits of plants and animals in domestication served to 

 bring home the fact that within a few generations and careful guidance in 

 mate selection and radical elimination of misfits, the larger breeds of animals 

 may make family stock advances which required many hundreds and even 

 thousands of years by means of natural selection. In short the Museum 

 setting for the exhibit served to emphasize the essential unity of Nature in 

 geological evolution and in eugenical purpose. 



