258 PERCY SLADEN TRUST EXPEDITION. 
The Red Sea Corals collected by Mr. Crossland should perhaps have been reported 
upon separately for the series of Reports now being published in the Journ. Linn. Soc., 
Zool. vol. xxxi. As he has left me free in the matter and he is unlikely to have few 
peculiar species, and as the value of the collection depends mainly on its being con- 
sidered geographically, I have reported upon it in this paper, preferring to consider 
the family from its broadest aspects. 
II. Tue Fawitry FUNGIIDA. 
I accept Mr. Wayland Vaughan’s diagnosis * of this family with certain characters 
added by himself :— 
* Corallum simple or colonial, depressed or mitroid in form, septa of higher cycles 
perforate, those of the lower cycles perforate or solid. Synapticula, but no dissepiments, 
present. Wall usually perforate or compact. No epitheca.” . 
The supplementary characters of Vaughan are as follows :—‘‘The embryo becomes 
attached and forms a trophozooid which gives rise to buds (anthoblasts); these become 
detached forming free individuals (anthocyathi). The anthocyathi may remain simple 
(the genus Fuigia), or by asexual reproduction become colonial.” 
The family Fungiidee was first defined by Dana f, being subsequently amended by Milne- 
Edwards and Haime{ and by Duncan §. As left by the latter author it contained the 
following genera:—I Alliance, Fungia, Diafungia, Micrabacia; II Alliance, Halomitra, 
Sandalolitha, Cryptabacia; III Alliance, Herpolitha, Polyphyllia, Lithactinia, Zoopilus. 
Podabacia was placed as a synonym of Halomitra, but this genus, type species P. crus- 
tacea, is really quite distinct, retaining the primitive fixed condition ||. Déderlein 
then showed that Diaseris and Cycloseris, placed by Duncan in the Lophoseridee, really 
belong to the Fungiidz, a conclusion amply borne out by Vaughan **, and perhaps are 
synonyms of Fungia (see below, p. 263). Diafungia, too, was obviously not related to 
the other genera in the family. 
A revision of the families of the Madreporaria Fungida became clearly necessary, and 
this task was undertaken by Vaughan, whose unequalled experience of both living and 
fossil corals admirably qualified him for the task. He at once separated Dicrabacia as 
type of a new family Micrabaciide having solid septa, Dia/ungia also being referred to 
this family. At the same time he added the characters mentioned above to the Fungiidee, 
which was restricted to free forms, Podabacia at once being removed. Hight genera 
are left (Huugia, Halomitra, Sandalolitha, Cryptabucia, Herpolitha, Polyphyllia, 
* Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xxviii. p. 379 (1905). 
+ ‘*Zoophytes,” Wilkes Expl. Exped. p. 283 (1846). 
+ ‘Hist. des Coralliaires,’ iii. p. 4 (1860). 
§ “ Revision of the Madreporaria,” Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xviii. p. 141 (1884). 
|| Gardiner, “ Madreporaria,” The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, 
p. 941 (1905). 
“Die Korallengattung Pungia,” Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, xxvii. 
Heft i. (1902). 
** “Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan,” U.S. Nat, Mus. Bull. 59, pp. 108-128 (1907). 
