3Q N. Yamasaki 



lapsed to Japan by tlie Portsmouth Treaty of 1905. The original 

 term was to have expired in 1923, hut it was extended to 1997 by 

 the Sino- Japanese Treaty of 1915. 



Eyojun or Port Arthur was once a well protected Eussian base 

 in the Orient, and is now the seat of the provincial governor. There 

 are also a good museum and a technical college. Many ruins of old 

 fortifications near the town tell of the bitterness of the battles fought 

 there. Dairen, formerly called Dalny, is an excellent harbour open to 

 foreign trade, and constitutes the main entrance to Manchuria. It has 

 a large icefree basin with well equipped quay work, which always 

 admits many ocean liners. The city is regularly planned after the 

 modern European style. Immense quantities of many different staples, 

 such as soya beans, bean cake, bean oil and coal, come froui the 

 hinterland for export from here. The trade is so large that this city 

 ranks commercially next to Shanghai and Tientsin in China. 



The South Manchuria Eailway Company has its headquarters in 

 this city. It manages the railway service of the trunk line between 

 Dairen and Changchun, which was ceded to Japan in 1905, as well as 

 its branch lines. These lines, in connection with Korean and Chinese 

 railways, form a part of a grand transcontinental railway at present. 

 The company is engaged also in several other businesses, such as 

 mining, shipping, harbour, etc. Among many mines under the railway's 

 management, the colliery of Fushun is the most celebrated. The coal 

 seam is in a Tertiary formation, with an average thickness of 40 m., 

 and is worked at present partly by open-cut mining. The utilization 

 of the oil shale of this mine ensures its future prosperity. The iron 

 ore of An-shan and the dolomite bed near Tashihchiao are likewise 

 noteworthy. Besides these economic undertakings, the company is 

 engaged also in town planning, the management of colleges and 

 schools, and the establishment of libraries, hospitals, technical labora- 

 tories and agricultural experimental stations at Dairen and other 

 places in the railway zone. In Mukden, an old Manchurian metropolis 

 and a railway junction, the company has constructed a fine new town 

 in modern style outside the wall of the old Chinese city. Other in- 

 stances of town construction occur at many stations in the said zone. 



X. Mandate in the Pacific, or South Soa Islands. These islands 

 are scattered over a vast area of the sea, measuring 4,500 km. east to 

 west and 2,400 km. north to south. They are divided into the Caroline 

 Group in the middle, the Mariana Islands to the north, the Palau 



